Neopterin - Kurzinfos Neopterin - Deutsch Neopterin - English
Measurement Biological Effects Oxidative Stress HIV-Infection Trauma, Sepsis Cancer Autoimmunity Heart Diseases Immunmodulation Blood Tranfusion In Vitro Testing Anemia Tryptophan Degradation Homocysteine Soluble TNF-Receptor Infection
Winterworkshop 2008 Winterworkshop 2007 Winterworkshop 2006 Winterworkshop 2005 Winterworkshop 2004 Awards
View the Crew Neopterin Treff Alpine Surroundings Most Recent Salfeins Paintings
Chemisches Rechnen AIDS aktuell Neopterin Clinical Biochemistry of Infectious Diseases
Impressum Scientific References Curriculum Impact Factor

Effects

Neopterin derivatives interfere with reactive oxygen species and modulate intracellular redox-sensitive signal-transduction cascades in vitro.

 

 
Potential role of immune system activation-associated production of neopterin derivatives in humans


Hoffmann G, et al. Institute for Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

(Inflamm Res 2003; 52: 313-21)


Neopterin derivatives are produced by human monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells upon stimulation with interferons. Neopterin concentrations measured in urine or blood reflect activation of cellular immunity and endogenous release of interferon-gamma. This review focuses on the clinical utility of measuring neopterin levels in inflammatory disease and the potential functions of neopterin as a mediator and/or modulator in the course of inflammatory and infectious processes. In vitro-studies revealed that neopterin derivatives exhibit distinct biochemical effects, most likely via interactions with reactive oxygen or nitrogen intermediates, thereby affecting the cellular redox state. Data support the hypothesis that the release of neopterin enhances the cytotoxic potential of activated macrophages and dendritic cells. In vivo, a strong correlation between neopterin levels and the severity, progression, and outcome of infectious and inflammatory diseases was found. The influence of neopterin derivatives on the cellular metabolism may provide an explanation for these clinical observations.

 

 Influence of neopterin on the generation of reactive oxygen species in human neutrophils

Razumovitch JA, et al. Department of Biophysics, Physics Faculty, Belarus State University, Minsk, Belarus
(FEBS Lett 2003; 549:  83-6)


Neopterin is synthesized by human monocyte-derived macrophages primarily upon stimulation with the cytokine interferon-gamma. We studied the influence of neopterin on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human peripheral blood neutrophils. Radical formation was measured using a biochemiluminometer. Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors. The generation of ROS by neutrophils suspended in Earl's solution (pH=7.4) at 37 degrees C was investigated by monitoring of chemiluminescence using luminol and lucigenin as light emitters. Neopterin induced chemiluminescence in suspensions of neutrophils in the presence of luminol, but not of lucigenin. Neopterin affected only adhesive cells. Addition of neopterin into the suspension of the cells involving D-mannitol, L-histidine and diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) decreased luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) of the neutrophils. The action of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) reduced neopterin-induced LDCL of neutrophils. Data suggest that neutrophils respond on exposure to neopterin with additional generation of singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-independent pathways.

  

Neopterin modulates toxicity mediated by reactive oxygen and chloride species

Weiss G, et al. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Austria
(FEBS Lett 1993; 321: 89-92)


Neopterin, a pyrazino-pyrimidine derivative, is synthesized in excess by human monocytes/macrophages upon stimulation with interferon-gamma, a cytokine derived from activated I cells. Neopterin is furthermore produced constitutively. A relatively constant ratio between neopterin and its reduced form. 7,8-dihydroneopterin, has been described in human serum. In the study presented here we tested the ability of neopterin and its reduced form to modulate the effects of cytotoxic substances like hydrogen peroxide or hypochlorous acid and N-chloramine derivatives. We show that 7,8-dihydroneopterin potently reduces biological and chemical effects of these substances independently from the pH value. In contrast, at slightly alkaline pH (pH 7.5) neopterin enhances hydrogen peroxide and chloramine-T activity. This is demonstrated by increase of signal intensity in a luminol assay and also by enhancement of toxicity towards bacteria. Thus, the macrophage derived substance neopterin is able both to enhance and to reduce cytotoxicity in dependence of pH value and its oxidation state, and it may have a pivotal role in modulation of macrophage mediated effector mechanism.