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Scientific references

Original Contributions including Reviews


  1. Fuchs D, Rode BM: The interaction of cations with alkyl substituted acetaminde HF SCF model calculations. Chem Phys Lett 82:517-519, 1981

  2. Fuchs DN, Rode BM: Substituenteneinfluß auf die Bindung von Metallkationen an Amiden. Monatsh Chemie 112:25-31, 1981

  3. Hausen A, Fuchs D, Grünewald K, Hetzel H, Huber H, Ridl W, Wachter H: Pteridine als Tumormarker. Ber Oesterr Ges Klin Chem 4:254-255, 1981

  4. Hausen A, Fuchs D, Grünewald K, Huber H, König K, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin as marker for haematological neoplasias. Clin Chim Acta 117:297-305, 1981

  5. Hausen A, Fuchs D, Wachter H: Bestimmung von Kreatinin im Harn mit Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 19:375-378, 1981

  6. Hausen A, Fuchs D, König K, Wachter H: Simultane quantitative Bestimmung von Creatinin und Harnsäure mit Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie. Ber Oesterr Ges Klin Chem 4:24-28, 1981

  7. Hausen A, Fuchs D, König K, Wachter H: Quantitation of urinary uric acid by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Clin Chem 27:1455-1456, 1981

  8. Hetzel H, Fuchs D, Hausen A, König K, Wachter H: Neopterinausscheidung im Harn bei Patientinnen mit gynäkologischen Tumoren. Gynaekol Rundsch 21:218-220, 1981


  1. Bichler A, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Hetzel H, König K, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin excretion in patients with genital cancer. Clin Biochem 15:38-40, 1982

  2. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Huber C, Margreiter R, Reibnegger G, Spielberger M, Wachter H: Pteridinausscheidung als Marker für alloantigen-induzierte Lymphozytenproliferation. Hoppe Seyler`s Z Physiol Chem 363:661-664, 1982

  3. Hausen A, Fuchs D, König K, Wachter H: Determination of neopterin in human urine by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 227:61-70, 1982

  4. Hausen A, Fuchs D, Grünewald K, Huber H, König K, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin in the assessment of lymphoid and myeloid neoplasia, and neopterin levels in haemolytic anaemia and benign monoclonal gammopathy. Clin Biochem 15:34-37, 1982


  1. Bichler A, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Hetzel H, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Bedeutung der Neopterinbestimmung in der gynäkologischen Onkologie. Arch Gynecol 235:352-354, 1983

  2. Bichler A, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Hetzel H, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Neopterin - ein wertvoller Parameter bei Verlaufskontrollen von Patientinnen mit Genitalkarzinomen. Gynaekol Rundsch 23:184-187, 1983

  3. Bichler A, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Hetzel H, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Measurement of urinary neopterin in normal pregnant and non-pregnant women with benign and malignant genital tract neoplasms. Arch Gynecol 233:121-130, 1983

  4. Hausen A, Fuchs D, Knosp O, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Diagnostische Signifikanz von Neopterin, einem Marker der zellulären Immunantwort, bei Patienten mit gynäkologischen, hämatologischen und pädiatrischen Neoplasien. Aerztl Lab 29:243-247, 1983

  5. Hetzel H, Bichler A, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Significance of urinary neopterin in gynecological cancer: Follow-up of patients with ovarian cancer. Cancer Detect Prevent 6:263-266, 1983

  6. Huber C, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Margreiter R, Reibnegger G, Spielberger M, Wachter H: Pteridines as a new marker to detect human T cells activated by allogeneic or modified self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants. J Immunol 130:1047-1050, 1983

  7. Margreiter R, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Huber C, Reibnegger G, Spielberger M, Wachter H: Neopterin as a new biochemical marker for diagnosis of allograft rejection. Transplantation 36:650-653, 1983

  8. Wachter H, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Huber C, Knosp O, Reibnegger G, Spira T: Elevated urinary neopterin levels in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Hoppe Seyler`s Z Physiol Chem 364:1345-1346, 1983


  1. Aulitzky W, Frick J, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Joos H, Köhle R, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Neopterin - a new immunological parameter for malignant tumors of the genitourinary tract. Acta Medica 523-531, 1984

  2. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Kofler M, Kosanowski H, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Neopterin as an index of immune response in patients with tuberculosis. Lung 162:337-346, 1984

  3. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Reissigl H, Schönitzer D, Spira T, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin in the diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Eur J Clin Microbiol 3:70-71, 1984

  4. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Huber C, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin in the diagnosis and follow-up of neoplasia, a biochemical parameter to detect cell-mediated immune response. Tumour Biology 5:199-209, 1984

  5. Hausen A, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Urinary pteridines on patients suffering from cancer: A comment on the method and results of Rao and associates and of Trehan and associates. Cancer 53:1634-1636, 1984

  6. Huber C, Batchelor JR, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Lang A, Niederwieser D, Reibnegger G, Swetly P, Troppmair J, Wachter H: Immune response-associated production of neopterin - Release from macrophages primarily under control of interferon-gamma. J Exp Med 160:310-316, 1984

  7. Huber C, Fuchs D, Niederwieser D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Nilsson K, Wachter H: Neopterin, ein neuer biochemischer Marker zur klinischen Erfassung zellulärer Immunreaktionen. Klin Wochenschr 62:103-113, 1984

  8. Lutz H, Fuchs D, Fuith LC, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Measurement of urinary 7,8-dihydro- 6-hydroxylumazine in healthy and in Ehrlich-Ascites tumour-bearing mice. Hoppe Seyler's Z Physiol Chem 356:895-900, 1984

  9. Niederwieser D, Huber C, Gratwohl A, Bannert P, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Speck B, Wachter H: Neopterin as a new biochemical marker in the clinical monitoring of bone marrow transpla recipients. Transplantation 38:497-500, 1984

  10. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Kostron-Krainz C, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin in malignant diseases of childhood - A marker for activity of the cell-mediated immunity. Tumor Diagnostik & Therapie 5:234-237, 1984

  11. Reibnegger G, Boonpucknavig V, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Schmutzhard E, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin is elevated in patients with malaria. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 78:545-546, 1984

  12. Wachter H, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G: Neopterin determination and application in clinical chemistry - A brief review. Jugosl Med Biokem 3:3-12, 1984


  1. Aulitzky W, Frick J, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Significance of urinary neopterin in patients with malignant tumors of the genitourinary tract. Cancer 55:1052-1055, 1985

  2. Blecha HG, Deinhardt F, Dierich MP, Erfle V, Fuchs D, Goebel FD, Gürtler LG, Hausen A, Hengster P, Reibnegger G, Reissigl H, Rössler H, Schauenstein K, Schönitzer D, Schulz T, Traill K, Werner ER, Wachter H, Hinterhuber H: Drogenabhängige in Österreich - eine Risikogruppe für AIDS. Neuropsychiatrie 1:24-28, 1985

  3. Frick J, Aulitzky W, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Joos H, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: The value of urinary neopterin as an immunological parameter in patients with malignant tumors of the genitourinary tract. Urol Int 40:155-159, 1985

  4. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Hinterhuber H, Kathke N, Krahnke H, Lutz H, Reibnegger G, Rössler H, Schönitzer D, Spira TJ, Vinazzer H, Werner ER, Wachter H: Die Bedeutung der Neopterinbestimmung bei Patienten mit AIDS und bei Risikogruppen. Mitt Oesterr Ges Tropenmed Parasitol 7:11-17, 1985

  5. Hausen A, Hetzel H, Reibnegger G, Bichler A, Fuchs D, Wachter H: Neopterin, a biochemical indicator of cellular immune reactions, in the detection and control of patients with neoplastic diseases. Cancer Detect Prevent 8:121-128, 1985

  6. Huber C, Troppmair J, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Lang D, Niederwieser D, Reibnegger G, Swetly P, Wachter, H, Margreiter R: Immune response-associated production of neopterin - Release from macrophages under control of lymphokines. Transplant Proc 17:582-585, 1985

  7. König P, Margreiter R, Huber C, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Neopterin levels in long-term renal allograft recipients. Immunobiology 169:208-212, 1985

  8. Niederwieser D, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Judmaier G, Reibnegger G,Wachter H, Huber C: Neopterin as a new biochemical marker in the clinical assessment of ulcerative colitis. Immunobiol 170:320-326, 1985

  9. Niederwieser D, Albert E, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Margreiter R, Reibnegger G, Schönitzer D, Troppmair J, Wachter H, Huber C: Neopterin release in human mixed lymphocyte culture. Requirement of HLA-DR disparity. Immunol Lett 11:95-99, 1985

  10. Reibnegger G, Bichler A, Dapunt O, Fuchs D, Fuith LC, Hausen A, Hetzel H, Lutz H, Werner ER, Wachter H: Statistical evaluation of urinary neopterin in the prognosis and follow-up of patients with cervical cancer. Tumor Diagn Ther 6:215-222, 1985

  11. Schmutzhard E, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Neopterin, ein neuer Parameter in der Malariadiagnostik. Mitt Oesterr Ges Tropenmed Parasitol 7:263-270, 1985

  12. Werner ER, Lutz H, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Huber C, Niederwieser D, Pfleiderer W, Reibnegger G, Troppmair J, Wachter H: Identification of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 366:99-102, 1985

  13. Wessely K, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Pilz P, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Erster Fall von AIDS in Salzburg - Wichtiger diagnostischer Hinweis durch die Neopterinbestimmung. Wien Klin Wochenschr 97:88-90, 1985


  1. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H: Neopterin - Bedeutung für die Diagnose. Deutsch Apotheker Ztg 126:723-728, 1986

  2. Hengster P, Blecha HG, Deinhardt F, Erfle V, Fuchs D, Goebel FD, Gürtler LG, Hausen A, Hinterhuber H, Reibnegger G, Rössler H, Schauenstein K, Schönitzer D, Schulz T, Traill K, Werner ER, Wachter H, Dierich MP: HTLV-III-Durchseuchung bei Personen mit intravenösem Drogenmißbrauch. Deutsch Med Wochenschr 111:453-457, 1986

  3. Joos H, Aulitzky W, Frick J, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Die Urin-Neopterin- Ausscheidung beim Hodentumorpatienten - Ein biochemischer Parameter. Helv Chir Acta 53:329-331, 1986

  4. Prior C, Bollbach R, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Judmaier G, Niederwieser D, Reibnegger G, Rotthauwe HW, Werner ER, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin, a marker of clinical activity in patients with Crohn`s disease. Clin Chim Acta 155:11-22, 1986

  5. Reibnegger G, Egg D, Fuchs D, Günther R, Hausen A, Werner ER, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin reflects clinical activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 29:1063-1070, 1986

  6. Reibnegger G, Bollbach R, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Judmaier G, Prior C, Rotthauwe HW, Werner ER, Wachter H: A simple index relating clinical activity in Crohn`s disease with T cell activation: Hematokrit, frequency of liquid stools and urinary neopterin as parameters. Immunobiol 173:1-11, 1986

  7. Reibnegger GJ, Bichler AH, Dapunt O, Fuchs DN, Fuith LC, Hausen A, Hetzel H, Lutz H, Werner ER, Wachter H: Neopterin as a prognostic indicator in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Cancer Res 46:950-955, 1986

  8. Schmutzhard E, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Is neopterin a marker of cell mediated immune response helpful in classifying leprosy. East Afr Med J 63:577-580, 1986

  9. Trenkwalder B, Pichler E, Fritsch P, Gastl G, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Huber C: Kombinierte Cimetidin- alpha-2-Interferon-Therapie bei metastasierendem Melanom: Therapieerfolg und Einfluß auf Natural Killer (NK) Zell- und Makrophagenaktivität. Tumor Diagn Ther 7:72-77, 1986

  10. Wachter H, Blecha HG, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Hengster P, Hinterhuber H, Reibnegger G, Reissigl H, Rössler H, Schönitzer D, Schulz T, Werner ER, Dierich MP: Die Aktivierung des Makrophagen/ Lymphozyten-Systems bei AIDS, ARC- und AIDS-Risikogruppen. Wien Klin Wochenschr 98:449-454, 1986


  1. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Hengster P, Reibnegger G, Rössler H, Schönitzer D, Schulz T, Unterweger B, Werner ER, Reissigl H, Hinterhuber H, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Aktiviertes zelluläres Immunsystem und HIV Infektion; Bedeutung des Neopterin. Ber OeGKC 10:79-86, 1987

  2. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Schönitzer D, Unterweger B, Blecha HG, Hengster P, Rössler H, Schulz T, Werner ER, Dierich MP, Hinterhuber H, Schauenstein K, Traill K, Wachter H: Immune status of drug abusers. Cancer Detect Prevent Suppl.1:535-541, 1987

  3. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Hoefler E, Schönitzer D, Werner ER, Dierich MP, Hengster P, Reibnegger G, Schulz T, Wachter H: Activated T-cells in addition to LAV/HTLV-III infection: A necessary precondition for development of AIDS. Cancer Detect Prevent Suppl.1:583-587, 1987

  4. Hausen A, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H: Neopterin excretion does not correlate with erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Klin Wochenschr 65:1173, 1987

  5. Hutterer J, Fuchs D, Eder G, Hausen A, Knapp W, Köller U, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H, Stingl G, Wolff K: Neopterin as discriminating and prognostic parameter in healthy homosexuals, ARC and AIDS patients. Wien Klin Wochenschr 99:531-535, 1987

  6. Kofler H, Fuchs D, Hintner H, Wachter H, Fritsch P: Urinary neopterin: An early marker of HIV infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol 6:698-699, 1987

  7. Mayr P, Fuchs D, Fuith LC, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H: Allogeneic activation is increased during pregnancy. A risk factor in HIV infection. Brit J Obstet Gynecol 94:1000-1001, 1987

  8. Prior C, Frank A, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Judmaier G, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H: Neopterinaus- scheidung bei Patienten mit Sarkoidose: Beziehung zum radiologischen Stadium. Prax Pneumol 41:920-921, 1987

  9. Prior C, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Judmaier G, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Vogel W, Wachter H: Potential of urinary neopterin excretion in differentiating chronic non-A,non-B hepatitis from fatty liver. Lancet ii:1235-1237, 1987

  10. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Schmutzhard E, Werner ER, Wachter H: The dependence of cell- mediated immune activation in malaria on age and endemicity. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 81:729- 733, 1987

  11. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Werner ER, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Theoretical implications of cellular immune reactions against helper lymphocytes infected by an immune system retrovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 84:7270-7275, 1987

  12. Reibnegger G, Hetzel H, Fuchs D, Fuith LC, Hausen A, Werner ER, Wachter H: Clinical significance of neopterin for prognosis and follow-up in ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 47:4977-4981, 1987

  13. Wehrmann W, Bauer R, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H: Role of activated T lymphocytes in Mycosis Fungoides. Eur J Clin Microbiol 6:210-211, 1987

  14. Werner ER, Bichler A, Daxenbichler G, Fuchs D, Fuith LC, Hausen A, Hetzel H, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Determination of neopterin in serum and urine. Clin Chem 33:62-66, 1987

  15. Werner ER, Bitterlich G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Szabo G, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Human macrophages degrade tryptophan upon induction by interferon-gamma. Life Sci 41:273-280, 1987

  16. Werner ER, Hirsch-Kauffmann M, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Schweiger M, Wachter H: Interferon-gamma-induced degradation of tryptophan by human cells in vitro. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 368:1407-1412, 1987

  17. Werner ER, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Simultaneous determination of neopterin and creatinine in serum with solid phase extraction and on-line elution liquid chromatography. Clin Chem 33: 2028-2033, 1987


  1. Bitterlich G, Szabo G, Werner ER, Larcher C, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Schulz TF, Troppmair J, Wachter H, Dierich MP: Selective induction of mononuclear phagocytes to produce neopterin by interferons. Immunobiology 176:228-235, 1988

  2. Dierich MP, Larcher C, Sölder B, Schulz TZ, Fuchs D, Wachter H: Ätiologie Besonderheiten der HIV- Infektion. Wien Med Wochenschr 138:482-486, 1988

  3. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Vinazzer H, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Immunological status and HIV antibodies in patients with haemophilia - a longitudinal study. Wien Klin Wochenschr 100:505-509, 1988

  4. Fuchs D, Unterweger B, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Hengster P, Hinterhuber H, Dierich MP, Wachter H, Blattner WA, Weiss SH: Anti-HIV-1 antibodies, anti-HTLV-I antibodies and neopterin levels in parenteral drug addicts in the Austrian Tyrol. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1:65-66, 1988

  5. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Dittrich P, Wachter H: Neopterin levels in long term hemodialysis. Clin Nephrol 30:220-224, 1988

  6. Fuchs D, Ebell W, Friedrich W, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin in infants with primary immunodeficiency. Immunobiol 177:1-6, 1988

  7. Fuchs D, Fuith LC, Hausen A, Hetzel H, Reibnegger GJ, Werner ER, Wachter H: Preactivated T-cells in cancer patients with poor prognosis. Cancer Detect Prevent 12:97-103, 1988

  8. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Hengster P, Reibnegger GJ, Unterweger B, Werner ER, Hinterhuber H, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Is T-cell activation an unfavourable sign in iv-drug addicts infected with HIV. Cancer Detect Prevent 12:277-282, 1988

  9. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Neopterin as a marker for activated cell-mediated immunity: Application in HIV infection. Immunol Today 9:150-155, 1988

  10. Fuchs D, Banekovich M, Hausen A, Hutterer J, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Gschnait FD, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Neopterin estimation compared with the ratio of T-cell subpopulations in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1. Clin Chem 34:2415-2417, 1988

  11. Prior C, Frank A, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Judmaier G, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin excretion in pulmonary sarcoidosis: correlation to clinical course of the disease. Clin Chim Acta 177:211-220, 1988

  12. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Neopterin in der HIV-Infektion. Antibiot Monitor 4:81-82, 1988

  13. Reibnegger G, Auhuber I, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Judmaier G, Prior C, Werner ER, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin levels in acute viral hepatitis. Hepatology 8:771-774, 1988

  14. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Werner ER, Wachter H: Pterins as biochemical tests for diagnosis and management of patients with malignant lymphoma and leukemia. Clin Chim Acta 173:233-234, 1988

  15. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Fuith LC, Hausen A, Hetzel H, Werner ER, Wachter H: The prognostic value of neopterin as a marker for the immune status in malignancy. J Tumor Marker Oncol 3:121-125, 1988

  16. Reissigl H, Schönitzer D, Hönlinger M, Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Die Bedeutung der Neopterinbestimmung für die Transfusionsmedizin. Beitr Infusionsther 21:211-219, 1988

  17. Schmutzhard E, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Hengster P, Pohl P, Rainer J, Reibnegger G, Tibyampansha D, Werner ER, Dierich MP, Gerstenbrand F, Wachter H: Retrovirale Infektionen in Norwest-Tanzania (HIV 1, HIV II, HTLV I). Mitt Oesterr Ges Tropenmed Parasitol 10:269-279, 1988

  18. Unterweger B, Fuchs D, Fleischhacker WW, Hausen A, Hengster P, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Hinterhuber H, Dierich MP, Wachter H: La neopterine comme marqueur potentiel de l evolution des infections a HIV chez les toxicomanes. Cancer Commun 2:27-34, 1988

  19. Wachter H, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Dierich MP: Neopterin bei Infektionen mit dem humanen Immunmangelvirus (HIV). Deutsch Med Wochenschr 113:1890-1897, 1988

  20. Werner ER, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Jäger H, Reibnegger G, Werner-Felmayer G, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Tryptophan degradation in patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 369:337-340, 1988

  21. Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Influence of interferon-gamma and extracellular tryptophan on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in T24 cells as determined by a non-radiometric assay. Biochem J 256:537-541, 1988


  1. Denz H, Grünewald K, Thaler J, Huber H, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin as a prognostic factor in haematological neoplasias. Pteridines 1:167-170, 1989

  2. Dierich MP, Larcher C, Sölder B, Bitterlich G, Fuchs D, Wachter H: AIDS: T cell activation and viral progression. Curr Probl Dermatol 18:229-235, 1989

  3. Fendrich C, Lüke W, Stahl-Hennig C, Herchenröder O, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Hunsmann G: Urinary neopterin concentrations in rhesus monkeys after infection with simian immunodeficiency virus mac strain 251. AIDS 3:305-307, 1989

  4. Fuchs D, Spira TJ, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Wachter H: Neopterin as a predictive marker for disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Clin Chem 35:1746-1749, 1989

  5. Fuchs D, Malkovsky M, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Forni G, Wachter H: Endogenous release of interferon-gamma and diminished response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to antigenic stimulation. Immunol Lett 23:103-108, 1989

  6. Fuchs D, Milstien S, Krämer A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Goedert JJ, Kaufman S, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin concentrations vs total neopterins for clinical utility. Clin Chem 35:2305-2307, 1989

  7. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Interferon-gamma concentrations are increased in sera from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2:158-162, 1989

  8. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Dierich MP, Wachter H: AIDS incidence rates in Austria. Wien Klin Wochenschr 101:388-390, 1989

  9. Fuchs D, Chiodi F, Albert J, Asjö B, Hagberg L, Hausen A, Norkrans G, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H: Neopterin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of individuals infected with HIV-1. AIDS 3:285-288, 1989

  10. Fuith LC, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Hetzel H, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H: Effects of interferon- alpha on macrophage activation in patients with ovarian carcinoma and cervical dysplasia. J Clin Lab Immunol 29:65-69, 1989

  11. Hausen A, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H: Neopterin in clinical use. Pteridines 1:3-10, 1989

  12. Hausen A, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Wachter H: Application of neopterin - a marker for activation of cellular immunity - in clinical chemistry. Sci Pharm 57:249-264, 1989

  13. Hönlinger M, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Schönitzer D, Werner ER, Reissigl H, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Serum-Neopterinbestimmung zur zusätzlichen Sicherung der Bluttransfusion. Deutsch Med Wochenschr 114:172-176, 1989

  14. Krämer A, Wiktor SZ, Fuchs D, Milstien S, Gail MH, Yellin FJ, Biggar RJ, Wachter H, Kaufman S, Blattner WA, Goedert JJ: Neopterin: A predictive marker of acquired Immune deficiency syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2:291-296, 1989

  15. Mayr P, Fuchs D, Wachter H: Pregnancy and infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Postgraduate Doctor Middle East 12:438-440, 1989

  16. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Werner ER, Wachter H: Neopterin and viral infections: diagnostic potential in virally induced liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 43:287-293, 1989

  17. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Wachter H: Generalized likelihood ratio concept and logistic regression analysis for multiple diagnostic categories. Clin Chem 35:990-994, 1989

  18. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Stability analysis of simple models for immune cells interacting with normal pathogens and immune system retroviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 86:2026-2030, 1989

  19. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Schmutzhard E, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Correlation of serum interferon-gamma and neopterin concentrations in Africans with various diseases. Pteridines 1:119-124, 1989

  20. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Wachter H: Generalization of the likelihood ratio concept for diagnostic tests with multiple diagnostic categories. J Clin Epidemiol 42:477- 478, 1989

  21. Schmutzhard E, Fuchs D, Hengster P, Hausen A, Hofbauer J, Pohl P, Rainer J, Reibnegger G, Tibyampansha D, Werner ER, Dierich MP, Gerstenbrand F, Wachter H: Retroviral infections (HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I) in rural northwestern Tanzania. Am J Epidemiol 130:309-318, 1989

  22. Sperner-Unterweger B, Barnas C, Fleischhacker WW, Fuchs D, Meise U, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Is schizophrenia linked to alteration in cellular immunity. Schizophrenia Res 2:417-421, 1989

  23. Wachter H, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Dierich MP: Neopterin bei Infektionen mit dem humanen Immunmangelvirus (HIV). Extracta Dermatologica 13:82-83, 1989

  24. Wachter H, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER: Neopterin as marker for activation of cellular immunity: Immunologic basis and clinical application. Adv Clin Chem 27:81-141, 1989

  25. Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Parallel induction of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in human cells and cell lines by interferon-gamma. Biochem J 262:861-866, 1989

  26. Werner-Felmayer G, Werner ER, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha and lipopolysaccharide enhance interferon-induced tryptophan degradation and pteridine synthesis in human cells. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 370:1063-1069, 1989

  27. Werner-Felmayer G, Werner ER, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Characteristics of interferon induced tryptophan metabolism in human cells in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta 1012:140-147, 1989


  1. Ambach E, Tributsch W, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Post mortem neopterin concentrations in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Pteridines 2:47-49, 1990

  2. Biggar RJ and the International Registry of Seroconverters: AIDS incubation in 1891 HIV seroconverters from different exposure groups. AIDS 4: 1059-1066, 1990

  3. Denz H, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Huber H, Nachbaur D, Reibnegger G, Thaler J, Werner ER, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin in monoclonal gammopathies. Pteridines 2:107-109, 1990

  4. Denz H, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Huber H, Nachbaur D, Reibnegger G, Thaler J, Werner ER, Wachter H: Value of urinary neopterin in the differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral infections. Klin Wochenschr 68:218-222, 1990

  5. Denz H, Fuchs D, Huber H, Nachbaur D, Reibnegger G, Thaler J, Werner ER, Wachter H: Correlation between neopterin, interferon-gamma and haemoglobin in patients with haematological disorders. Eur J Haematol 44:186-189, 1990

  6. Dierich MP, Ebenbichler CF, Hallfeldt PH, Prodinger WM, Fuchs D, Wachter H: Interaction of complement with HIV-1 and Candida Albicans: Molecular mechanisms and biological implications. Mol Immunol 27:1349-1353, 1990

  7. Dotevall L, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Wachter H, Hagberg L: Cerebrospinal fluid and serum neopterin levels in patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis. Infection 18:210-213, 1990

  8. Fuchs D, Wachter H: Neopterin als Prognoseparameter bei der HIV-1 Infektion. Spectrum AIDS 1:75- 78, 1990

  9. Fuchs D, Jäger H, Popescu M, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Dierich MP, Kaboth W, Tilz GP, Wachter H: Immune activation markers to predict AIDS and survival in HIV-1 seropositives. Immunol Lett 26:75-80, 1990

  10. Fuchs D, Forsman A, Hagberg L, Larsson M, Norkrans G, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H: Immune activation and decreased tryptophan in patients with HIV-1 infection. J Interferon Res 10:599- 603, 1990

  11. Fuchs D, Wachter H: Neopterin als Marker für die zelluläre Immunität. Spectrum AIDS 1:14-17, 1990

  12. Fuchs D, Möller AA, Reibnegger G, Stöckle E, Werner ER, Wachter H: Decreased serum tryptophan in patients with HIV-1 infection correlates with increased serum neopterin and with neurologic/psychiatric symptoms. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 3:873-876, 1990

  13. Fuchs D, Artner-Dworzak E, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Urinary excretion of porphyrins is increased in patients with HIV-1 infection. AIDS 4:341- 344, 1990

  14. Fuchs D, Jäger H, Popescu M, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Kaboth W, Wachter H: Comparison of serum and urine neopterin concentrations in patients with HIV-1 infection. Clin Chim Acta 187:125-130, 1990

  15. Fuchs D, Shearer GM, Boswell RN, Clerici M, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Zajac RA, Wachter H: Increased serum neopterin in patients with HIV-1 infection is correlated with reduced in vitro interleukin- 2 production. Clin Exp Immunol 80:44-48, 1990

  16. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Wachter H: Distinct neopterin excretion patterns after vaccination. Pteridines 2:147-149, 1990

  17. Fuith LC, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Hetzel H, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin excretion in patients with uterine sarcomas. Cancer 65:1228-1231, 1990

  18. Fuith LC, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Dapunt O, Wachter H: Anmerkungen zur Arbeit "Veränderungen von T-Zell-Subpopulationen während der normalen Schwangerschaft und bei Patientinnen mit Spontanabor- ten" von C.J.Thaler, L.J.Behnken, H.D.Taubert. Geburtsh & Frauenheilk 50:825, 1990

  19. Fuith LC, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Heim K, Schröcksnadel H, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H: Decreased haemoglobin and chronic immune activation in patients with gynaecological malignancies. Eur J Haematol 45:280-282, 1990

  20. Granditsch G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin as marker for disease activity in children and adolescents with Crohn`s disease. Pteridines 2:23-27, 1990

  21. Hausen A, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Wachter H: Reduction of ferric iron by 7,8-dihydroneopterin. Pteridines 2:83-85, 1990

  22. Hollán SR, Ujhelyi E, Pálóczi K, Szelényi J, Illei G, Medrano L, Fuchs D, István L, Szábo J, Bánhegyi D, Várnai F, Horváth A, Wachter H, Medgyesi GA, Füst G: Results of longitudinal immunological surveillance of individuals directly or indirectly infected by a single HIV seropositive donor. Transfus Sci 11:73-78, 1990

  23. Hutterer J, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Wallner G, Vetter N, Wachter H: Neopterin changes during zidovudine treatment of HIV-1 infection. Pteridines 2:81-82, 1990

  24. Mathiesen T, Fuchs D, Wachter H, von Host H: Increased CSF neopterin levels in subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 73:69-71, 1990

  25. Mayr P, Fuchs D, Wachter H: Pregnancy and infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Postgraduate Doctor Caribbean 6:34-36, 1990

  26. Mayr P, Fuchs D, Fuith LC, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Dapunt O, Wachter H: Pregnancy increases urinary neopterin levels in human immunodeficiency virus type 1infection. Pteridines 2:161-164, 1990

  27. Möller AA, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Zaudig M, Werner ER, Wachter H: Changes of neopterin and tryptophan in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients in different stages of HIV-1 infection. Pteridines 2:91-93, 1990

  28. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Wachter H: Unconjugated pteridines and the activation of macrophages by interferon-gamma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 25:308-309, 1990

  29. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Goedert JJ, Hausen A, Krämer A, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin concentrations and T-cell subset data in HIV-1 infection. Klin Wochenschr 68:43-48, 1990

  30. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Wachter H: Verallgemeinertes Likelihood-Ratio-Konzept und logistische Regressionsanalyse zur Schätzung von Post-Test Wahr- scheinlichkeiten bei Vorliegen von mehr als zwei diagnostischen Kategorien. Ber Oesterr Ges Klin Chem 2:45-49, 1990

  31. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Zangerle R, Wachter H: Increased neopterin concentration in saliva of patients with HIV-1 infection. Clin Chem 36:1379, 1990

  32. Reibnegger G, Denz HA, Fuchs D, Fuith LC, Gattringer C, Hausen A, Huber H, Werner ER, Werner- Felmayer G, Wachter H: Neopterin and cellular immune activation in active gynaecological cancer: Significant correlation between neopterin and circulating number of HLA-DR expressing lymphocytes. Pteridines 2:17-21, 1990

  33. Robin B, Fuchs D, Koller W, Wachter H: Course of immune activation markers in patients after severe multiple trauma. Pteridines 2:95-97, 1990

  34. Tilz GP, Deutschmann W, Hellbom B, Fuchs D: Neue diagnostische Entwicklungen in der Chirurgie: praktische Konsequenzen. Acta Chirurgica Austriaca 22:36-38, 1990

  35. Ujhelyi E, Fuchs D, Králl G, Zimonyi I, Berkessy S, Bujdoso S, Pálóczi K, Mihalik R, Füst G, Wachter H, Hollán SR: Age dependency of the progression of HIV disease in haemophiliacs; predictive value of T cell subset and neopterin measurements. Immunol Lett 26:67-74, 1990

  36. Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Yim JJ, Pfleiderer W, Wachter H: Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic activities in human macrophages, fibroblasts, THP-1 and T 24 cells. GTP-cyclohydrolase I is stimulated by interferon-gamma, 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase and sepiapterin reductase are constitutively present. J Biol Chem 265:3189-3192, 1990

  37. Werner-Felmayer G, Werner ER, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Tetrahydrobiopterin- dependent formation of nitrite and nitrate in murine fibroblasts. J Exp Med 172:1599-1607, 1990

  38. Werner-Felmayer G, Werner ER, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Neopterin formation and tryptophan degradation by a human myelomonocytic cell line (THP-1). Cancer Res 50:2863-2867, 1990

  39. Weyrer W, Möst J, Sölder B, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Dierich MP: Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against neopterin. Hybridoma 9:71-79, 1990

  40. Zangerle R, Fritsch P, Fuchs D, Wachter H: Is neopterin helpful in distinguishing between different disease patterns in AIDS. Pteridines 2:87-89, 1990


  1. Ambach E, Tributsch W, Rabl W, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Henn R, Wachter H: Postmortem neopterin concentrations: Comparison of diagnoses with and without cellular immunological background. Int J Leg Med 104:259-262, 1991

  2. Ambach E, Tributsch W, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Henn R, Wachter H: Postmortem evaluation of serum and urine neopterin concentrations. J Forensic Sci 37:1116-1120, 1991

  3. Burns DN, Krämer A, Yellin F, Fuchs D, Wachter H, DiGioia RA, Sanchez WC, Grossman RJ, Gordin FM, Biggar RJ, Goedert JJ: Cigarette smoking: A modifier of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 4:76-83, 1991

  4. Faist E, Markewitz A, Fuchs D, Lang S, Zarius S, Schildberg FW, Wachter H, Reichart B: Immunomodulatory therapy with thymopentin and indomethacin. Ann Surg 214:264-275, 1991

  5. Fuchs D, Möller AA, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Increased endogenous interferon-gamma and neopterin correlate with increased degradation of tryptophan in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Immunol Lett 28:207-212, 1991

  6. Fuchs D, Wachter H: Immunaktivierung, Tryptophanabbau und neurologisch/psychiatrische Symptome. Spectrum AIDS 2:74-75, 1991

  7. Fuchs D, Weiss G, Werner-Felmayer G, Wachter H: Cytokine-induced increase in liver serotonin. Immunol Lett 28:259, 1991

  8. Fuchs D, Dotevall L, Hagberg L, Werner ER, Wachter H: Kynurenine in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis. Immunol Infect Dis 1:271-274, 1991

  9. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Tilz GP, Wachter H: Neopterin - ein biochemischer Marker für Immunaktivierung bei Transplantatabstoßung, Infektionen, Autoimmun- erkrankungen und Tumoren. Mitt Oesterr Ges Haematol Onkol 1:1991

  10. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Immune activation and the anaemia associated with chronic inflammatory disorders. Eur J Haematol 46:65-70, 1991

  11. Fuchs D, Krämer A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Dierich MP, Goedert JJ, Wachter H: Neopterin and ß2- microglobulin as prognostic indices in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Infection 19:98- 102, 1991

  12. Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Vinazzer H, Wachter H: Low haemoglobin in haemophilia children is associated with chronic immune activation. Acta Haematol 85:62-65, 1991

  13. Fuchs D, Shearer GM, Boswell RN, Lucey DR, Clerici M, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Zajac RA, Wachter H: Negative correlation between blood cell counts and serum neopterin concentrations in patients with HIV-1 infection. AIDS 5:209-212, 1991

  14. Fuith LC, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Hetzel H, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H: Neopterin, a marker of cell-mediated immune activation in human pregnancy. Int J Fertil 36:372-375, 1991

  15. Hagberg L, Andersson M, Chiodi F, Fuchs D, Svennerholm B, Wachter H, Norkrans G: Effect of zidovudine on cerebrospinal fluid in patients with HIV infection and acute neurological diseases. Scand J Infect Dis 23:681-685, 1991

  16. Hengster P, Schmutzhard E, Fuchs D, Hofbauer J, Wachter H, Dierich MP: Evaluation on HIV serology and immune stimulation on patients in Tanzania. Int J STD & AIDS 2:180-184, 1991

  17. Pálóczi K, Ujhelyi E, Fuchs D, Mihalik R, Bánhegyi D, Berkessy S, Salavecz V, Wachter H, Hollán SR, Füst G: Correlation of the percentage of activated, CD3+DR+ lymphocytes to serum neopterin level in HIV-seropositive haemophiliacs. Klin Wochenschr 69:143-145, 1991

  18. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Fuith LC, Hausen A, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Wachter H: Neopterin as a marker for activated cell-mediated immunity: Application in malignant disease. Cancer Detect Prevent 15:483-490, 1991

  19. Reibnegger G, Aichberger C, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Spielberger M, Werner ER, Margreiter R, Wachter H: Posttransplant neopterin excretion in renal allograft recipients - A reliable diagnostic aid for acute rejection and a predictive marker of long-term graft survival. Transplantation 52:58-63, 1991

  20. Reibnegger G, Spira TJ, Fuchs D, Werner-Felmayer G, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Individual probability for onset of full-blown disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Clin Chem 37:351-355, 1991

  21. Sperner-Unterweger B, Fuchs D, Fleischhacker WW, Hausen A, Miller C, Möst J, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Dierich MP, Wachter H, Hinterhuber H: Change in HIV-antibody seroprevalence rates in i.v drug dependent prisoners. Brit J Addict 86:225-232, 1991

  22. Tilz GP, Pristautz H, Fuchs D, Becker H: Immunkomplexerkrankungen und Möglichkeiten in Diagnostik und Therapie. Natur- und Ganzheitsmedizin 17-22, 1991

  23. Tilz GP, Becker H, Fuchs D: Neue diagnostische Verfahren und therapeutische Entwicklungen in der angewandten Angiologie. Vasomed aktuell, Praxis 1:18-20, 1991

  24. Wachter H, Artner-Dworzak E, Fuchs D, Fuith LC, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner- Felmayer G, Dierich MP: Association between neopterin and iron metabolism in cancer patients. Tumor Diagn Ther 11:229-232, 1991

  25. Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Yim JJ, Wachter H: Biochemistry and function of pteridine synthesis in human and murine macrophages. Pathobiol 59:276-279, 1991

  26. Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Yim JJ, Wachter H: Impact of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma on tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis in murine fibroblasts and macrophages. Biochem J 280:709-714, 1991

  27. Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wels G, Yim JJ, Pfleiderer W, Wachter H: 6-Pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase assay in extracts of cultured human cells using high- performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection of biopterin. J Chromatogr 570:43-50, 1991

  28. Werner-Felmayer G, Werner ER, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: On multiple forms of NO synthase and their occurrence in human cells. Res Immunol 142:555-561, 1991

  29. Wiegand M, Möller AA, Schreiber W, Krieg JC, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Holsboer F: Nocturnal sleep EEG in patients wit HIV infection. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 240:153-158, 1991

  30. Zaknun D, Oswald HP, Zaknun J, Mayersbach P, Sperl W, Schmitzberger R, Fuchs D, Sailer M: Auswirkungen von hygienischer und medizinischer Unterversorgung auf den klinischen Zustand und das soziale Verhalten bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern in einem rumänischen Kinderheim. Paediatrie & Paedologie 26:65-67, 1991

  31. Zangerle R, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Fritsch P, Wachter H: Markers for disease progression in intravenous drug users infected with HIV-1. AIDS 5:985-991, 1991


  1. Denz H, Huber P, Landmann R, Orth B, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Association between the activation of macrophages, changes of iron metabolism and the degree of anaemia in patients with malignant disorders. Eur J Haematol 48:244-248, 1992

  2. Fuchs D, Norkrans G, Wejstal R, Reibnegger G, Weiss G, Weiland O, Schvarcz R, Fryden A, Wachter H: Changes of serum neopterin, ß2-microglobulin and interferon-gamma in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon-alpha 2b. Eur J Med 1:196-200, 1992

  3. Fuchs D, Weiss G, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: The role of neopterin as a monitor of cellular immune activation in transplantation, inflammatory, infectious and malignant diseases. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 29:307-341, 1992

  4. Hagberg L, Norkrans G, Andersson M, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin and ß2-microglobulin levels in neurologically asymptomatic HIV-infected patients before and after initiation of zidovudine treatment. Infection 20:313-315, 1992

  5. Hönlinger M, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Schönitzer D, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Neopterin screening and acute cytomegalovirus infections in blood donors. Clin Investig 70:63, 1992

  6. Hönlinger M, Szava N, Fuchs D, Bernhart T, Mailath G, Wachter H: Hinweis für eine Aktivierung des zellulären Immunsystems bei operativer Zahnentfernung. Z Stomatol 89:487-492, 1992

  7. Krämer A, Biggar RJ, Hampl H, Friedman RM, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Goedert JJ: Immunologic markers of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are time-dependent and illness-specific. Am J Epidemiol 136:71-80, 1992

  8. Rudzite V, Skards JI, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Serum kynurenine and neopterin concentrations in patients with cardiomyopathy. Immunol Lett 32:125-130, 1992

  9. Samsonov M, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Belenkov JN, Nassonov EL, Wachter H: Patterns of serological markers for cellular immune activation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic myocarditis. Clin Chem 38:678-680, 1992

  10. Schröcksnadel H, Herold M, Steckel-Berger G, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Dapunt O: Zellvermittelte Immunität bei schwangerschaftsinduzierten Hochdruckerkrankungen. Geburtsh & Frauenheilk 52:592- 595, 1992

  11. Sperner-Unterweger B, Barnas C, Fuchs D, Kemmler G, Wachter H, Hinterhuber H, Fleischhacker W: Neopterin production in acute schizophrenic patients: An indicator of alterations of cell-mediated immunity. Psych Res 42:121-128, 1992

  12. Stahl-Hennig C, Voss G, Nick S, Petry H, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Coulibaly C, Lüke W, Hunsmann G: Immunization with tween-ether-treated SIV adsorbed onto aluminium hydroxide protects monkeys against experimental SIV infection. Virology 186:588-596, 1992

  13. Tilz GP, Zangerle R, Weiss G, Fritsch P, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Association between serum-soluble CD8 levels and parameters of immune activation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Investig 70:662-664, 1992

  14. Voss G, Stahl-Hennig C, Petry H, Coulibaly C, Nick S, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Lüke W, Hunsmann G: Adjuvants: Critical issues on adjuvants for HIV vaccines. Immunization of rhesus monkeys with high- and low-dose tween-ether-disrupted SIVmac. AIDS ResHuman Retroviruses 8:1397-1400, 1992

  15. Waitz-Penz A, Schrocksnadel H, Fuchs D, Mayr P, Wachter H, Dapunt O. Urinary neopterin concentrations in HIV-positive pregnancies (1992) Int J Feto-Maternal Med 5:233-236, 1992

  16. Weiss G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Wachter H: Iron modulates interferon-gamma effects in the human myelomonocytic cell line THP-1. Exp Hematol 20:605-610, 1992

  17. Weiss G, Glaser K, Kronberger P, Ambach E, Fuchs D, Bodner E, Wachter H: Distinct distributions of D-erythro-neopterin in arteries and veins and its recovery by an enterohepatic circulation. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 373:289-294, 1992

  18. Wejstal R, Norkrans G, Weiland O, Schvarcz R, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Fryden A, Glaumann H: Lymphocyte subsets and ß2-microglobulin expression in chronic hepatitis C/non-A, non-B. Effects of interferon-alpha treatment. Clin Exp Immunol 87:340-345, 1992

  19. Westarp ME, Bartmann P, Rössler J, Geiger E, Westphal KP, Schreiber H, Fuchs D, Westarp MP, Kornhuber HH: Antiretroviral therapy in sporadic adult amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. NeuroReport 4:819- 822, 1992

  20. Zangerle R, Fuchs D, Rössler H, Reibnegger G, Riemer Y, Weiss SH, Fritsch P, Wachter H: Trends in HIV infection among intravenous drug users in Innsbruck, Austria. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 5:865 871, 1992

  21. Zangerle R, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Immune activation markers and CD4+ T-cell counts in HIV-infected intravenous drug users. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 5:1273-1274, 1992

  22. Zangerle R, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Artner-Dworzak E, Fritsch P, Wachter H: Neopterin and the acute phase response in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Pteridines 3:167-170, 1992


  1. Andersson C, Bernhart T, Hönlinger M, Mailath G, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Immune activation after apicoectomy: Comparison between patients with and without prophylactic antibiotic therapy. Pteridines 4:192-194, 1993

  2. Denz H, Orth B, Weiss G, Herrmann R, Huber P, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Weight loss in patients with hematological neoplasias is associated with immune system stimulation. Clin Investig 71:37-41, 1993

  3. Denz H, Orth B, Weiss G, Gallati H, Herrmann R, Huber P, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Serum soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 55 is increased in patients with haematological neoplasias and is associated with immune activation and weight loss. Eur J Cancer 29A:2232-2235, 1993

  4. Diez-Ruiz A, Kaiser G, Jäger H, Birkmann J, Tilz GP, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Increased levels of serum intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in HIV infection are related to immune activation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 102:56-60, 1993

  5. Diez-Ruiz A, Weiss G, Artner-Dworzak E, Dittrich PV, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Association between haemoglobin and neopterin concentrations in haemodialysis patients treated with erythropoietin. Eur J Haematol 51:175-176, 1993

  6. Fuchs D, Weiss G, Wachter H: Neopterin, biochemistry and clinical use as a marker for cellular immune reactions. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 101:1-6, 1993

  7. Fuchs D, Samsonov MY, Weiss G, Reibnegger G, Nasonov EL, Wachter H: Clinical significance of neopterin in human diseases (russ.). Terapevtychesky Archiv 5:80-87, 1993

  8. Fuchs D, Samsonov M, Tilz GP, Reibnegger G, Weiss G, Nassonov EL, Belenkov JN, Wachter H: Immune activation markers in patients with congestive heart failure. Il Friuli Medico 48:153-158, 1993

  9. Fuchs D, Samsonov M, Tilz GP, Reibnegger G, Belenkov JN, Nassonov EL, Wachter H: Stimulated cellular immune system in patients with congestive heart failure. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 31:111- 114, 1993

  10. Fuchs D, Zangerle R, Artner-Dworzak E, Weiss G, Fritsch P, Tilz GP, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Association between immune activation, changes of iron metabolism and anaemia in patients with HIV- infection. Eur J Haematol 50:90-94, 1993

  11. Fuith LC, Czarnecki M, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Weiss G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Wachter H: Determination of neopterin, a marker of cell-mediated immunity, in gynecologic oncology. Int J Feto-Maternal Med 6:235-238, 1993

  12. Fuith LC, Kracher P, Czarnecki M, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Veränderungen der zell-mediierten Immunität nach gynäkologischen Eingriffen. Gynaekol Geburtsh Rundsch 33:280, 1993

  13. Hagberg L, Dotevall L, Norkrans G, Larsson M, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin concentrations in central nervous system infection. J Infect Dis 168:1285-1288, 1993

  14. Lang SM, Weeger M, Stahl-Hennig C, Coulibaly C, Hunsmann G, Müller J, Müller-Hermelink H, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Daniel MM, Desrosiers RC, Fleckenstein B: Importance of vpr for infection of rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 67:902-912, 1993

  15. Markewitz A, Faist E, Lang S, Endres S, Fuchs D, Reichart B: Successful restoration of cell-mediated immune response after cardiopulmonary bypass by immunomodulation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 105:15-24, 1993

  16. Marth C, Weger A, Müller-Holzner E, Zeimet AG, Moncayo-Naveda H, Daxenbichler G, Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Dapunt O: The prognostic value of nuclear roundness and neopterin in ovarian cancer. Eur J Cancer 29A:1863-1868, 1993

  17. Melichar B, Zangerle R, Artner-Dworzak E, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Are disturbances of zinc metabolism in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection caused by immune activation. Pteridines 4:195-199, 1993

  18. Melichar B, Zeimet A, Artner-Dworzak E, Schröcksnadel H, Marth C, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Association between increased urinary zinc and neopterin concentrations in women with gynaecological cancer. Tumor Diagnostik & Therapie 14:110-112, 1993

  19. Möst J, Zangerle R, Herold M, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Fritsch P, Dierich MP: Elevated concentrations of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 6:221-226, 1993

  20. Rudzite V, Jurika E, Reibnegger G, Weiss G, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Influence of kynurenine, neopterin, noradrenaline and pyridoxal-5-phosphate on cholesterol and phospholipid content and phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro. Pteridines 4:126-130, 1993

  21. Samsonov M, Nassonov E, Dhzuzenova B, Belenkov Y, Nassonova V, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Serum neopterin in acute rheumatic fever. Clin Chem 39:693-695, 1993

  22. Samsonov MY, Reibnegger G, Nassonov EL, Nassonova VA, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Elevated serum neopterin levels in acute rheumatic fever. Pteridines 4:39-42, 1993

  23. Samsonov MY, Nassonov EL, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Heart diseases and immune system activation. Eur J Intern Med 4:267-280, 1993

  24. Schröcksnadel H, Fuchs D, Herold M, Wachter H, Dapunt O: Activated macrophages in preeclampsia. Pteridines 4:144-148, 1993

  25. Sepp N, Benedikter S, Kofler H, Fritsch P, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Cyclosporin A treatment in psoriasis: Monitoring by neopterin concentrations in serum and urine. Pteridines 4:149-152, 1993

  26. Tilz GP, Domej W, Diez-Ruiz A, Weiss G, Brezinschek R, Brezinschek HP, Hüttl E, Pristautz H, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Increased immune activation during and after physical exercise. Immunobiology 188:194-202, 1993

  27. Weiss G, Goossen B, Doppler W, Fuchs D, Pantopoulos K, Werner-Felmayer G, Wachter H, Hentze MW: Translational regulation via iron-responsive elements by the nitric oxide/NO-synthase pathway. EMBO J 12:3651-3657, 1993

  28. Weiss G, Lutton JD, Fuchs D, Werner-Felmayer G, Bock G, Abraham NG, Kappas A, Levere RD, Wachter H: Comparative effects of heme and metalloporphyrins on interferon-gamma-mediated pathways in monocytic cells (THP-1). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 202:470-475, 1993

  29. Weiss G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Semenitz E, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Neopterin modulates toxicity mediated by reactive oxygen and chloride species. FEBS Lett 321:89-92, 1993

  30. Werner-Felmayer G, Werner ER, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Mayer B, Reibnegger G, Weiss G, Wachter H: Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide synthase activity in the human cervix carcinoma cell line ME- 180. Biochem J 289:357-361, 1993

  31. Werner-Felmayer G, Werner ER, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Schmidt K, Weiss G, Wachter H: Pteridine biosynthesis in human endothelial cells. Impact on nitric oxide-mediated formation of cyclic GMP. J Biol Chem 268:1842-1846, 1993

  32. Westarp ME, Fuchs D, Bartmann P, Hoff-Jörgensen R, Clausen J, Rasmussen H, Wachter H, Westarp MP, Kornhuber HH: Neopterin, ß2-microglobulin and carbohydrate antigen CA-19-9 in sporadic adult amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Pteridines 4:81-89, 1993

  33. Westarp ME, Fuchs D, Bartmann P, Hoff-Jörgensen R, Clausen J, Wachter H, Kornhuber HH: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - an enigmatic disease with B-cellular and anti-retroviral immune responses. Eur J Med 2:327-332, 1993

  34. Westarp ME, Bartmann P, Hoff-Jörgensen R, Fuchs D, Rasmussen H, Kornhuber HH: Idiopathische amyotrophe Lateralsklerose (ALS) - neue Aspekte einer unverstandenen Neurodegeneration. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 36:510-515, 1993

  35. Wöll E, Weiss G, Fuchs D, Lang F, Wachter H: Effect of pteridine derivatives on intracellular calcium concentration in human monocytic cells. FEBS Lett 318:249-252, 1993

  36. Zaknun D, DiFranco M, Oswald HP, Zaknun J, Mayersbach P, Vuja E, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Association between neopterin and beta-2-microglobulin levels and HIV status in Romanian orphanage children. Wien Klin Wochenschr 105:284-288, 1993

  37. Zaknun D, Weiss G, Glatzl J, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Neopterin levels during acute rubella in children. Clin Infect Dis 17:521-522, 1993

  38. Zaknun J, Mayersbach P, Moncayo R, Fridrich L, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Neopterin levels in thyroid pseudocysts. Pteridines 4:200-205, 1993

  39. Zangerle R, Reibnegger G, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Weight loss in HIV-1 infection is associated with immune activation. AIDS 7:175-181, 1993


  1. Ambach E, Artner-Dworzak E, Katzgraber F, Fuchs D, Wachter H: Neopterinkonzentrationen: ein Beitrag zur Pathogenese des plötzlichen Kindestodes (SIDS). Ber ÖGKC 17: 123-126, 1994

  2. Di Franco MJ, Zaknun D, Zaknun J, Vuja E, Oswald HP, Mayersbach P, Hunter D, Tosteson TD, Trichopoulos D, Schmitzberger R, Schönitzer D, Wachter H, Fuchs D: A prospective study of the association of serum neopterin, ß2-microglobulin, and hepatitis B surface antigenemia with death in infants and children with HIV-1 disease. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 7: 1079-1085, 1994

  3. Diamondstone LS, Tollerud DJ, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Brown LM, Maloney E, Kurman CC, Nelson DL, Blattner WA: Factors influencing serum neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin levels in a healthy diverse population. J Clin Immunol 14: 368-374, 1994

  4. Fuchs D, Stahl-Hennig C, Gruber A, Murr C, Hunsmann G, Wachter H: Neopterin - its clinical use in urinalysis. Kidney International 46 (S47): 8-11, 1994

  5. Fuchs D, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Neopterinbestimmung als zusätzliche Screeningmethode zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit der Bluttransfusion. Oesterr Krankenhaus-Ztg 3:1-5, 1994

  6. Fuchs D, Murr C, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Neopterin als Diagnoseparameter für den Aktivierungs- zustand des zellulären Immunsystems. Oesterr Krankenhaus-Ztg 3:1-6, 1994

  7. Fuchs D, Zangerle R, Murr C, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Neopterin and HIV infection. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 41:21-25, 1994

  8. Fuith LC, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Wachter H: Neopterin als Marker für die Prognose und Nachsorge von bösartigen Erkrankungen. Oesterr Krankenhaus-Ztg 3:1-4, 1994

  9. Fuith LC, Czarnecki M, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Macrophage colony-stimulatingfactor as a tumor marker for epithelial ovarian cancer. Obstetrics & Gynecology 83:801, 1994

  10. Gasse T, Murr C, Mayersbach P, Schmutzhard E, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Neopterin production and tryptophan degradation in acute Lyme neuroborreliosis versus late Lyme encephalopathy. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 32: 685-689, 1994

  11. Gisslén M, Larsson M, Norkrans G, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Hagberg L: Tryptophan concentrations increase in cerebrospinal fluid and blood after zidovudine treatment in patients with HIV type 1 infection. AIDS ResHuman Retroviruses 10:947-951, 1994

  12. Gisslén M, Chiodi F, Fuchs D, Norkrans G, Svennerholm B, Wachter H, Hagberg L: Markers of immune stimulation in the cerebrospinal fluid during HIV infection: A longitudinal study. Scand J Infect Dis 26:52 3-533, 1994

  13. Marth C, Weiss G, Koza A, Reibnegger G, Daxenbichler G, Zeimet AG, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Dapunt O: Increased production of immune activation marker neopterin by colony-stimulating factors in gynecological cancer patients. Int J Cancer 58:20-23, 1994

  14. Marth C, Artner-Dworzak E, Graf A, Kapshammer E, Meusburger H, Denison U, Fuith LC, Sliutz G, Fuchs D, Stummvoll W, Concin H, Medl M, Windbichler G, Leodolter S, Staudacher A, Salzer H, Wachter H, Dapunt O: Gesteigerte Zinkausscheidung bei Patientinnen mit Ovarialtumoren. Gynaekol Rundsch 34: 103-104, 1994

  15. Mayersbach P, Augustin R, Schennach H, Fuchs D, Werner ER, Schönitzer D, Wachter H, Reibnegger G: Applicability of an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay for neopterin detection for screening of blood donations. Pteridines 5:49-54, 1994

  16. Melichar B, Aichberger C, Artner-Dworzak E, Weiss G, Margreiter R, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Immune activation and enhanced urinary zinc concentrations in allograft recipients. Presse Med 23:702-706, 1994

  17. Melichar B, Artner-Dworzak E, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Erhöhte Zinkausscheidung im Urin - eine entzündungsbedingte Nierenfunktionsstörung. Ber Oesterr Ges Klin Chem 17:45-48, 1994

  18. Murr C, Fuchs D, Gössler W, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Esterbauer H, Wachter H: Enhancement of hydrogen peroxide-induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence by neopterin depends on the presence of iron chelator complexes. FEBS Lett 338:223-226, 1994

  19. Rosenberg PS, Goedert JJ, Biggar RJ, for the Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study and the Internal Registry of Seroconverters: Effect of age at seroconversion on the natural AIDS incubation distribution. AIDS 8: 803-810, 1994

  20. Samsonov MYu, Egorova ON, Fuchs D, Balabanova RM, Nasonov EL: Serum neopterin in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical Rheumatology (Russ) 1:16-19,1994

  21. Schennach H, Mayersbach P, Schönitzer D, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Reibnegger G: Increased prevalence of IgM antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus and parvovirus B19 in blood donations with above-normal neopterin concentration. Clin Chem 40:2104-2105,1994

  22. Schröcksnadel H, Fuchs D, Herold M, Wachter H, Dapunt O: Aktivierte Makrophagen im Pathomecha- nismus schwangerschaftsinduzierter Hochdruckerkrankungen. Zentralbl Gynaekol 116:274-275, 1994

  23. Überall F, Werner-Felmayer G, Schubert C, Grunicke HH, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Neopterin derivatives together with cyclic guanosine monophosphate induce c-fos gene expression. FEBS Lett 352:11-14, 1994

  24. Weiss G, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Fuchs D, Jarosch E, Oberhollenzer F, Reibnegger G, Tilz GP, Gerstenbrand F, Wachter H: Increased concentrations of neopterin in carotid atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 106:263-271, 1994

  25. Weiss G, Goossen B, Doppler W, Fuchs D, Pantopoulos K, Werner-Felmayer G, Grünewald K, Wachter H, Hentze MW: Stimulation of IRE-BP activity of IRF by tetrahydrobiopterin and cytokine-dependent induction of nitric oxide synthase. Adv Exp Med Biol 356:133-140, 1994

  26. Westarp ME, Fuchs D, Westarp MP, Wachter H, Kornhuber HH: Neopterin, ß2-microglobulin, tryptophan and kynurenine in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Pteridines 5:142-148, 1994

  27. Westarp ME, Bartmann R, Hoff-Jörgensen R, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Rasmussen H, Kornhuber HH: Idiopathische amyotrophe Lateralsklerose (ALS) neue Aspekte einer unverstandenen Neurodegeneration. Mitteil Österr Sanitätsverw 6: 245-248, 1994

  28. Winsper SJ, Armstrong RA, Pall H, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Williams A, Blair JA: Serum neopterin levels and metal binding to transferrin in Parkinson´s disease patients. Pteridines 5:114-116, 1994

  29. Zaknun D, Neugebauer J, Soelder B, Dierich MP, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Immune activation and HIV-1 viraemia in an asymptomatic paediatric patient. Pteridines 5: 136-138, 1994

  30. Zaknun D, Zaknun J, Unsinn K, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Interferon gamma-induced formation of neopterin and degradation of tryptophan in cerebrospinal fluid of children with meningitis but not with febrile convulsions. Pteridines 5:102-106, 1994

  31. Zangerle R, Gallati H, Sarcletti M, Weiss G, Denz H, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Increased serum concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in HIV-infected individuals are associated with immune activation. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 7:79-85, 1994

  32. Zangerle R, Gallati H, Sarcletti M, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Tumor necrosis factor alpha and soluble necrosis factor receptors in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Immunol Lett 41:229-234, 1994

  33. Zangerle R, Fuchs D, Sarcletti M, Gallati H, Reibnegger G, Wachter H, Dierich MP, Möst J:Increased concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 75 but not of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 are associated with the decline of CD4+ lymphocytes in HIV infection. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 72:328-334, 1994

  34. Zangerle R, Sarcletti M, Gallati H, Reibnegger G, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Correlation of body mass index with urinary neopterin in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 104:150-154, 1994

  35. Zangerle R, Sarcletti M, Gallati H, Reibnegger G, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Decreased plasma concentra- tions of HDL cholesterol in HIV-infected individuals are associated with immune activation. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 7: 1149-1156, 1994


  1. Baier-Bitterlich G, Fuchs D, Murr C, Reibnegger G, Werner-Felmayer G, Sgonc R, Böck G, Dierich MP, Wachter H: Effect of neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin on tumor necrosis factor-induced programm cell death. FEBS Lett 364: 234-238, 1995

  2. Berchtold J, Murr C, Norer B, Waldhart E, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Urinary neopterin excretion in patients with squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity. Cancer Lett 95:227-232, 1995

  3. Diez-Ruiz A, Tilz GP, Zangerle R, Baier-Bitterlich G, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor in clinical laboratory diagnosis. Eur J Haematol 54: 1-8, 1995

  4. Diez-Ruiz A, Tilz GP, Gutierrez-Gea F, Gil-Extremera B, Murr C, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Neopterin and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type I in alcohol-induced cirrhosis. Hepatology 21: 976-978, 1995

  5. Dittmer U, Stahl-Hennig C, Coulibaly C, Nisslein T, Lüke W, Fuchs D, Bodemer W, Petry H, Hunsmann G: Repeated exposure of rhesus macaques to low dose of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) did not protect them against the consequences of high-dose SIV challenge. J General Virol 76: 1307-1315, 1995

  6. Estelberger W, Fuchs D, Murr C, Wachter H, Reibnegger G: Conformational investigation of the cofactor (6R, 1´R, 2´S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin. Biochim Biophys Acta 1249: 23-28, 1995

  7. Fuchs D, Baier-Bitterlich G, Hausen A, Murr C, Weiss G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Reibnegger G: Neopterin als immundiagnostische Meßgröße. Deutsch Med Wochenschr 120: 567-570, 1995

  8. Fuchs D, Baier-Bitterlich G, Hausen A, Murr C, Weiss G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Reibnegger G: Neopterin as immunodiagnostic parameter. Deutsch Med Wochenschr (Jap). 17: 605-608, 1995

  9. Hoch J, Lang SM, Weeger M, Stahl-Hennig C, Coulibaly C, Dittmer U, Hunsmann G, Fuchs D, Muller J, Sopper S, Fleckenstein, KT Überla: Deletion mutant of simian immunodeficiency virus induces AIDS in rhesus monkeys. J Virol 69: 4807-4813, 1995

  10. Kim C, Schinkel C, Fuchs D, Stadler D, Walz A, Zedler S, Henckel G, Faist E: Interleukin-13 effectively down-regulates the monocyte inflammatory potential during traumatic stress. Arch Surg. 130: 1330- 1336, 1995.

  11. Kronberger P, Weiss G, Tschmelitsch J, Fuchs D, Salzer GM, Wachter H, Reibnegger G: Predictive value of urinary neopterin in patients with lung cancer. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 33: 831-837, 1995

  12. Nassonov E, Samsonov M, Beketova T, Semenkova L, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Serum neopterin concentrations in Wegener's granulomatosis correlate with vasculitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 13: 353- 356, 1995

  13. Petry H, Dittmer U, Stahl-Hennig C, Coulibaly C, Makoschey B, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Tolle T, Morys- Wortmann C, Kaup FJ, Jurkiewicz E, Lüke W, Hunsmann G: Reactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in macaques after simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac superinfection. J Virol 69:1564- 1574,1995

  14. Reibnegger G, Fuchs D, Murr C, Dierich MP, Pfleiderer W, Wachter H: Effects of pteridines on luminol- dependent chemiluminescence induced by chloramine-T. Free Radical Biol Med 18:515-523, 1995

  15. Rudzite V, Jurika E, Baier-Bitterlich G, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Effect of sepiapterin, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydobiopterin and xanthopterin on cholesterol and phospholipid content and phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro. Pteridines 6:69-73, 1995

  16. Samsonov MY, Tilz GP, Egorova O, Reibnegger G, Balabanova RM, Nassonov EL, Nassonova VA, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Serum soluble markers of immune activation and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 4:29-32, 1995

  17. Samsonov MY, Tilz GP, Pisklakov VP, Reibnegger G, Nassonov EL, Nassonova VA, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Serum-soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor- and interleukin-2, and neopterin in acute rheumatic fever. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 74:31-34, 1995

  18. Samsonov MI, Prokaeva TB, Madanat V, Alekberova ZS, Nasonov EL, Fuchs D, Wachter H: Serum neopterin in Behcet's disease. Klin Med (Russ) 73: 53-55, 1995

  19. Schobersberger W, Hoffmann G, Grote J, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by neopterin in vascular smooth muscle cells. FEBS Lett 377: 461-464, 1995

  20. Schobersberger W, Jelkmann W, Fandrey J, Frede S, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Neopterin-induced suppression of erythropoietin production in vitro. Pteridines 6:12-16, 1995

  21. Strickler HD, Escoffery C, Rattray C, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Manns A, Schiffman MH, Cranston B, Hanchard B, Blattner WA: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is not associated with elevated serum neopterin levels. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarker Prevent 3:295-298, 1995

  22. Ujhelyi E, Krall G, Zimonyi I, Banhegyi D, Hollan SR, Horvath A, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Berkessy E, Füst G: Longitudinal immunological follow-up of HIV infected haemophiliacs in Hungary. Act Microbiol Immunol Hung 42: 189-98, 1995

  23. Weiss G, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Linkage of cell-mediated immunity to iron metabolism. Immunol Today 16: 495-500, 1995

  24. Werner-Felmayer G, Baier-Bitterlich G, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Murr C, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Wachter H: Detection of bacterial pyrogens on the basis of their effects on gamma interferon-mediated formation of neopterin or nitrite in cultured monocyte cell lines. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2: 307-313, 1995

  25. Zangerle R, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G, Werner-Felmayer G, Gallati H, Wachter H, Werner ER: Serum nitrite plus nitrate in infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1. Immunobiology 193: 59-70, 1995


  1. Altindag ZZ, Marth C, Werner-Felmayer G, Natoli C, Zeimet AG, Wachter H, Iacobelli S, Fuchs D: Tumor-associated antigen 90K activates myelomonocytic cell line THP-1. Cancer Lett 107: 143- 148, 1996

  2. Baier-Bitterlich G, Baier G, Fuchs D, Böck G, Hausen A, Utermann G, Pavelka M, Wachter H: Role of 7,8-dihydroneopterin in T-cell apoptosis and HTLV-1 transcription in vitro. Oncogene 13: 2281-2285, 1996

  3. Baier-Bitterlich G, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Role of neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin in human immunodeficiency virus infection: marker for disease progression and pathogenic link. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 13:184-193, 1996

  4. Baier-Bitterlich G, Fuchs D, Wachter H: 7,8-Dihydroneopterin upregulates interferon- promoter in T cells. Immunobiology 196:350-355, 1996

  5. Demel U, Tilz GP, Wachter H, Fuchs D: AIDS und Tumor Nekrosis Faktor (TNF): Nachweis niedriger TNF Spiegel bei Patienten mit HIV-Infektionen. Arzt & Praxis 50: 443-446, 1996

  6. Diez-Ruiz A, Möller AA, Baier-Bitterlich, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Neopterin production, degradation of tryptophan and neurologic impairment in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pteridines 7: 29-34, 1996

  7. Diez-Ruiz A, Norkrans G, Wejstal R, Weiland O, Tilz GP, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Activated cellular immunity in chronic hepatitis C. Haematology 1: 75-78, 1996

  8. Fuchs D, Dotevall L, Gasse T, Hagberg L, Tilz GP, Baier-Bitterlich G, Demel U, Schmutzhard E, Wachter H: Enhanced intrathecal neopterin production and tryptophan degradation in patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis. Acta Dermatovenerologica 5:3-4, 1996

  9. Fuchs D: Neopterin, eine empfindliche Meßgröße des zellulären Immunsystems. Labor aktuell 3: 5-9, 1996

  10. Fuchs D, Gisslén M, Larsson M, Norkrans G, Hagberg L, Wachter H: Increase of tryptophan in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HIV infection during zidovudine therapy. Adv Exp Med Biol 398:131-134, 1996

  11. Fuchs D, Schröcksnadel H, Baier-Bitterlich G, Dapunt O, Wachter H: Activated cellular immunity and decreased serum tryptophan in healthy pregnancy. Adv Exp Med Biol 398:149-153, 1996

  12. Fuith LC, Czarnecki M, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Neopterin concentrations in vaginal secretions. Clin Chem 42: 1495-1497, 1996

  13. Giusti RM, Maloney EM, Hanchard B, Morgan OSC, Steinberg SM, Wachter H, Williams E, Cranston B, Fuchs D, Manns A: Differential patterns of serum biomarkers of immune activation in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic pararesis and adult T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prevent 5: 699-709, 1996

  14. Hagberg L, Norkrans G, Gisslen M, Wachter H, Fuchs D, Svennerholm B: Intrathecal immunoactivation in patients with HIV-1 infection is reduced by zidovudine but not by didanosine. Scand J Infect Dis 28: 329-333, 1996

  15. Hoffmann G, Schobersberger W, Frede S, Pelzer L, Fandrey J, Wachter H, Fuchs D, Grote J: Neopterin activates transcription factor nuclear factor-kB in vascular smooth muscle cells. FEBS Lett 391: 181- 184, 1996

  16. Kelly P, Summerbell C, Ngwenya B, Mandanda B, Hosp M, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Luo NP, Pobee JOM, Farthing MJG: Systemic immune activation as a potential determinant of wasting in Zambians with HIV- related diarrhoea. Quart J Med 89: 831-837, 1996

  17. Leblhuber F, Walli J, Tilz GP, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Immunologische Befunde bei Patienten mit Alzheimer'scher Demenz. Neuropsychiatrie10: 138-139, 1996

  18. Marth C, Windbichler G, Fuchs D, Zeimet AG, Wachter H, Dapunt O: Bedeutung des Immunparameters Neopterin bei der Adnexitis. Zentralbl Gynäkol 118: 164-168, 1996

  19. Murr C, Baier-Bitterlich G, Fuchs D, Werner ER, Esterbauer H, Pfleiderer W, Wachter H: Effects of neopterin-derivatives on H2O2-induced luminol chemiluminescence: mechanistic aspects. Free Radical Biol Med 21: 449-456, 1996

  20. Murr C, Baier-Bitterlich G, Fuchs D, Gerlach D, Werner-Felmayer G, Dierich MP, Wachter H. Streptococcal erythrogenic toxins induce neopterin formation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells but not in the human myelomonocytoma cell line THP-1. Immunobiology 195: 341-322, 1996

  21. Nasonov EL, Samsonov MIu, Tilz GP, Beketova TV, Semenkova EN, Mukhin NA, Baranov AA, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Activation of cellular immunity in Wegener's granulatomatosis: a study of neopterin interleukin-2 receptors and tumor necrosis factor. Ter Arkh 68: 67-70, 1996

  22. Nasonov EL, Samsonov MI, Tilz GP, Pisklakov VP, Dzhuzenova B, Nasonova VA, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Activation of cellular immunity in acute rheumatic fever: clinical and pathogenetic significance. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk 41-4, 1996

  23. Rudzite V, Jurika E, Baier-Bitterlich G, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Effect of 7,8-Dihydroneopterin, biopterin and isoxanthopterin on cholesterol and phospholipid content and phospholipid biosynthesis in vitro. Pteridines 7: 24-28, 1996

  24. Rudzite V, Berzinsh J, Grivane I, Fuchs D, Baier-Bitterlich G, Wachter H: Serum tryptophan, kynurenine, and neopterin in patients with Guillain-Barre-Syndrome (GBS) and multiplosclerosis (MS) Adv Exp Med Biol 398: 183-187, 1996

  25. Rudzite V, Jurika E, Fuchs D, Baier-Bitterlich G, Wachter H: Kynurenine and pteridines in changes of membrane fluidity. Adv Exp Med Biol 398: 255-261,1996

  26. Santos-Perez JL, Diez-Ruiz A, Luna-Casado L, Soto-Mas JA, Wachter H, Fuchs D, Gutierrez-Gea F: T- cell activation, expression of adhesion molecules and response to ethanol in alcoholic cirrhosis. Immunol Lett 50: 179-183, 1996

  27. Schobersberger W, Hoffmann G, Hobisch-Hagen P, Böck G, Völkl H, Baier-Bitterlich G, Wirleitner B, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin induce apoptosis in the rat alveolar epithelial cell line L2. FEBS Lett 397: 263-268, 1996

  28. Schröcksnadel H, Baier-Bitterlich G, Dapunt O, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Decreased plasma tryptophan in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 88: 47-50, 1996

  29. Stahl-Hennig C, Dittmer U, Nißlein T, Pekrun K, Petry H, Jurkiewicz E, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Rud EW: Attenuated SIV imparts immunity to challenge with pathogenic spleen-derived SIV but cannot prevent repair of the nef deletion. Immunol Lett 51: 129-135, 1996

  30. Stahl-Hennig C, Dittmer U, Nißlein T, Petry H, Jurkiewicz E, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Mätz-Rensing K, Kuhn EM, Kaup FJ, Rud EW, Hunsmann G: Rapid development of vaccine protection in macaques by live-attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus. J Gen Virol 77: 2969-2981, 1996

  31. Tilz GP, Diez-Ruitz A, Baier-Bitterlich G, Demel U, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor and neopterin as parameters of cell-mediated immune activation. Haematology 1: 141- 154, 1996

  32. Zeimet AG, Natoli C, Herold M, Fuchs D, Windbichler G, Daxenbichler G, Iacobelli S, Dapunt O, Marth C: Circulating immunostimulatory protein 90k and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in human ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 68: 34-38, 1996


  1. Altindag ZZ, Werner-Felmayer G, Sahin G, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Colchicine derivatives inhibit neopterin production in human peripheral bloodmononuclear cells (PBMC). Clin Exp Immunol 107: 574-577, 1997

  2. Baier-Bitterlich G, Fuchs D, Wachter H: Chronic immune stimulation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HIV infection. Biochem Pharmacol 53: 755-763, 1997

  3. Baier-Bitterlich G, Fuchs D, Zangerle R, Baeuerle PA, Werner ER, Fresser F, Überall F, Baier G, Wachter H: trans-Activation of the HIV type 1 promoter by 7,8-dihydroneopterin in vitro. AIDS Res Human Retrovir 13: 173-178, 1997

  4. Baranov AA, Samsonov MI, Nasonov EL, Wachter H, Shilkina NP, Fuchs D, Salozhin KV: Serum neopterin in hemorrhagic vasculitits. Klin Med Mosk 75: 34-36, 1997

  5. Demel D, Tilz GP, Artner-Dworzak E, Fuchs D: Fortschritte in der Eiweißanalytik: Ergebnisse mit einem neuen kapillarelektrophoretischen Verfahren. Berichte der ÖGKC, 20: 75-77, 1997

  6. Fuith LC, Czarnecki M, Mitterschiffthaler G, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Abdominal hysterectomy induces immune activation. Pteridines 8: 17-20, 1997

  7. Gundlach BR, Linhart H, Dittmer U, Sopper S, Reiprich S, Fuchs D, Fleckenstein B, Hunsmann G: Construction, replication, and immunogenic properties of a simian immunodeficiency virus expressing interleukin-2. J Virol 71: 2225-2232, 1997

  8. Hosp M, Elliot AM, Raynes JG, Mwinga AG, Luo N, Zangerle R, Pobee JOM, Wachter H, Dierich MP, McAdam KPWJ, Fuchs D: Neopterin, ß2-microglobulin, and acute phase proteins in HIV-1-seropositive and seronegative Zambian patients with tuberculosis. Lung 175: 265-275, 1997

  9. Kelly P, Davies SE, Mandanda B, Veitch A, McPhail G, Zulu I, Drobniewski F, Fuchs D, Summerbell C, Luo NP, Pobee JO, Farthing MJ. Enteropathy in Zambians with HIV related diarrhoe: regression modelling of potential determinants of mucosal damage. Gut 41: 811-816, 1997

  10. Luna-Cassado L, Diez-Ruiz A, Gutierrez-Gea F, Santos-Perez JL, Rico-Irles J, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Increased peripheral monoclear cells expression of adhesion molecules in alcoholic cirrhosis: its relation to immune activation. J Hepatol 27: 477-483, 1997

  11. Maloney EM, Brown ML, Kurman CC, Fuchs D, Nelson DL, Wachter H, Blattner WA, Tollerud DJ. Temporal variability in immunological parameters: peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets, serum immunoglobulins, and soluble markers of immune system activation. J Clin Lab Anal 11: 190-195, 1997

  12. Murr C, Widner B, Gerlach D, Werner-Felmayer G, Dierich MP, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Streptococcal erythrogenic toxins induce tryptophan degradation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 114: 224-228, 1997

  13. Nassonov EL, Samsonov MY, Tilz GP, Beketova TV, Semenkova EN, Baranov A, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Serum concentrations of neopterin, soluble interleukin 2 receptor, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor in Wegener's granulomatosis. J Rheumatol 24: 666-670, 1997

  14. Nassonov EL, Samsonov MY, Shtutman VZ, Gekht BM, Gurkina GT, Tilz GP, Guseva AG, Fuchs D, Wachter H. Neopterin: marker of cellular immunity activation in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Klin Med Mosk 75: 47-51, 1997

  15. Rudzite V, Jurika E, Jirgensons J, Herpfer I, Weiss G, Wachter H, Fuchs D: The influence of kynurenine and its metabolites on lipid metabolism. Pteridines 8: 201-205, 1997

  16. Samsonov MY, Nassonov EL, Tilz GP, Gekht BM, Demel U, Gurkina GT, Shtutman VZ, Guseva AG, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Elevated serum levels of neopterin in adult patients with polymyositis/ dermatomyositis. Br J Rheumatol 36: 656-660, 1997

  17. Tilz G, Diez-Ruiz A, Baier-Bitterlich G, Demel U, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor and neopterin as parameters of cell-mediated immune activation. Allergy Clin Immunol Int 9: 110-118, 1997

  18. Widner B, Werner ER, Schennach H, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Simultaneous measurement of serum tryptophan and kynurenine by HPLC. Clin Chem 43: 2424-2426, 1997

  19. Zaknun D, Orav J; Kornegay J, Alattar I, Fuchs D, Zaknun J, Wachter H, Chatis P, Burchett SK, McIntosh K: Correlation of ribonucleic acid polymerase chain reaction, acid dissociated p24 antigen, and neopterin with progression of disease: A retrospective, longitudinal study of vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in children. J Pediatr 130: 898-905, 1997


  1. Gisslén M, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Norkrans G, Svennerholm B: Cerebrospinal fluid viral load in HIV-1- infected patients without antiretroviral treatment. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Human Retrovirol 17: 291-295, 1998

  2. Hoffmann G, Kenn S, Wirleitner B, Deetjen C, Frede S, Smolny M, Rieder J, Fuchs D, Baier-Bitterlich G, Schobersberger W. neopterin induces nitric-oxide dependent apoptosis in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Immunobiology199: 63-73, 1998

  3. Hoffmann G, Frede S, Kenn S, Smolny M, Wachter H, Fuchs D, Grote J, Rieder J, Schobersberger J. Neopterin-induced tumor necrosis factor- synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 116: 240-245, 1998

  4. Horak E, Gassner I, Sölder B, Wachter H, Fuchs D. Neopterin levels and pulmonary tuberculosis in infants. Lung 176: 337-344, 1998

  5. Kaufmann P, Tilz GP, Demel U, Wachter H, Kreijs JG, Fuchs D: Neopterin plasma concentrations predict the course of severe acute pancreatitis. Clin Chem Lab Med 36: 29-34, 1998

  6. Leblhuber F, Walli J, Tilz GP, Wachter H, Fuchs D. Systemische Veränderung des Immunsystems bei Patienten mit Alzheimer-Demenz. Deutsch Med Wochenschr 123: 787-791, 1998

  7. Leblhuber F, Walli J, Jellinger K, Tilz GP, Widner B, Laccone F, Fuchs D. Activated immune system in patients with Huntington's disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 36: 747-750, 1998

  8. Ledochowski M, Sperner-Unterweger B, Widner B, Fuchs D: Fructose malabsorption is associated with early signs of mental depression. Eur J Med Res 3: 295-298, 1998

  9. Ledochowski M, Sperner-Unterweger B, Fuchs D. Lactose malabsorption is associated with early signs of mental depression in females. Dig Dis Sci 43: 2513-2517, 1998

  10. Martinsons A, Rudzite V, Widner B, Fuchs D. Neopterin and kynurenine in mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. Pteridines 9: 207-211, 1998

  11. Murr C, Berchtold J, Norer B, Waldhart E, Wachter H, Fuchs D. Neopterin is a prognostic parameter in patients with squamous-cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. Int J Cancer 79: 476-480, 1998

  12. Nassonov EL, Samsonov M, Chichasova NV, Inametdinova GR, Nikiforova EL, Aleksandrova EN, Ilich- Stoyanovich O, Fuchs D, Wachter H: Neopterin. Laboratory marker of cellular immunity activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Russ) 70: 28-31, 1998

  13. Petry H, Stahl-Hennig C, Dittmer U, Jones D, Farrar G, Wachter H, Fuchs D, Nisslein T: A subunit vaccine consisting of gp130 oligomers but not of gp130 monomers protects rhesus macaques against productive infection with SIVmac32H. AIDS 12: 329-330, 1998

  14. Petry H, Dittmer U, Jones D, Farrar G, Wachter H, Fuchs D, Nisslein T, Jurkiewicz E, Hunsmann G, Stahl-Hennig C, Lüke W. Prechallenge high neutralizing antibodies and long-lasting immune reactivity to gp41 correlate with protection of rhesus monkeys against productive simian immunodeficiency virus infection or disease development. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 19: 441-50, 1998

  15. Rudzite V, Jurika E, Baier-Bitterlich G, Widner B, Reibnegger G, Fuchs D. Pteridines and Lipid Metabolism. Pteridines 9: 103-112, 1998

  16. Rudzite V, Jurika E, Jirgensons J, Widner B, Weiss G, Fuchs D. Difference and similarity of serotonin and pteridines to act on lipid metabolism. Pteridines 9: 201-206, 1998

  17. Samsonov M, Lopatin J, Tilz GP, Artner-Dworzak E, Nassonov E, Mareev V, Belenkov J, Wachter H, Fuchs D: The activated immune system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in congestive heart failure. J Intern Med 243: 93-98, 1998

  18. Satoh T, Brown LM, Blattner WA, Maloney EM, Kurman CC, Nelson DL, Fuchs D, Wachter H, Tollerud DJ. Serum neopterin, beta2-microglobulin, soluble interleukin-2 receptors, and immunoglobulin levels in healthy adolescents. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 88: 176-82, 1998

  19. Schennach H, Schoenitzer D, Fuchs D. Association between chronic hepatitis C virus infection and increased neopterin concentrations in blood donations. Clin Chem 44: 2225-2226, 1998

  20. Schobersberger W, Hobisch-Hagen P, Fuchs D, Hoffmann G, Jelkmann W. Pathogenesis of anaemia in the critically ill patients. Pathogenesis of anaemia in the critically ill patient. Clin Intens Care 9: 111-117, 1998

  21. Spring M, Stahl-Hennig C, Nisslein T, Locher C, Fuchs D, Bodemer W, Hunsmann G, Dittmer U. Suppression of viral replication in a long-term nonprogressing rhesus macaque experimentally infected with pathogenic simian immunodeficieny virus. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 87: 101-105, 1998

  22. Wachter H, Lechleitner M, Artner-Dworzak E, Hausen A, Jarosch E, Widner B, Patsch J, Pfeiffer KP, Fuchs D: Diatomaceus earth lowers blood cholesterol concentrations. Eur J Med Res 3: 211-215, 1998

  23. Wede I, Altindag Z, Widner B, Wachter H, Fuchs D. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by pterins. Free Radical Res 29, 331-338, 1998

  24. Weiss G, Widner B, Zoller H, Schobersberger W, Fuchs D. Immune response and iron metabolism. Brit J Anaesthesia 81: S6-9, 1998

  25. Widner B, Baier-Bitterlich G, Wede I, Wirleitner B, Fuchs D. Neopterin derivatives modulate the nitration of tyrosine by peroxynitrite. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 248:341-346, 1998

  26. Widner B, Baier-Bitterlich G, Wede I, Wirleitner B, Wachter H, Fuchs D. Neopterin: indicator of oxidative stress and part of the cytotoxic armature of activated macrophages in humans. Pteridines 9: 91-102, 1998

  27. Widner B, Mirlach A, Hausen A, Jenewein I, Jenewein D, Dierich MP, Wachter H, Fuchs D. Determination of silicon in urine by inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Clin Chim Acta 277: 51-63, 1998

  28. Wirleitner B, Baier-Bitterlich G, Böck G, Widner B, Fuchs D. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin induced apoptosis in Jurkat T-lymphocytes - a comparison with anti-Fas and hydrogen peroxide mediated cell death. Biochem Pharmacol 56: 1181-1187, 1998

  29. Zangerle R, Steinhuber S, Sarcletti M, Dierich MP, Wachter H, Fuchs D, Möst J: Serum HIV-1 RNA levels compared to soluble markers of immune activation to predict disease progression in HIV-1 infected individuals. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 116: 228-239, 1998

  30. Zeimet AG, Widschwendter M, Knabbe C, Fuchs D, Herold M, Mullerholzner E, Daxenbichler G, Offner FA, Dapunt O, Marth C: Ascitic interleukin-12 is an independent prognostic factor in ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 16: 1861-1868, 1998


  1. Anderson LM, Blennow K, Fuchs D, Svennerholm B, Gisslen M. Increased cerebrospinal fluid protein tau concentration in neuro-AIDS. J Neurol Sci 171: 92-96, 1999

  2. Carl S, IafrateAJ, Lang SM, Stahl-Hennig C, Kuhn EM,Fuchs D, Matz-Rensing K, ten-Haaft P, Heeney Jl, Skowronski J, Kirchhoff F. The acidic region and conserved putative protein kinase C phosphorylation site in Nef are important for SIV replication in rhesus macaques. Virology 257: 138-55, 1999

  3. Fuith LC, Murr C, Czarnecky N, Fuchs D. Laboratoriumsdiagnostische Marker zum Monitoring maligner Tumorerkrankungen. Der Mediziner 10: 47-50, 1999

  4. Gisslén M, Fuchs D, Svennerholm B, Hagberg L. Cerebrospinal fluid viral load, intrathecal immunoactivation, and cerebrospinal fluid monocytic cell count in HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 21:271-276, 1999

  5. Hoffmann G Rieder J, Smolny M, Seibel M, Wirleitner B, Fuchs D, Schobersberger W. Neopterin- induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 type II like alveolar epithelial cells. Clin Exp Immunol 118: 435-440, 1999

  6. Kirchhoff F, Munch J, Carl S, Stolte N, Matz-Rensing K, Fuchs D, Haaft PT, Heeney JL, Swigut T, Skowronski J, Stahl-Hennig C: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef gene can to a large extent replace simian immunodeficiency virus nef in vivo. J Virol 73: 8371-83, 1999

  7. Leblhuber F, Walli J, Demel U, Tilz GP, Widner B, Fuchs D: Increased serum neopterin concentrations in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 37: 429-431, 1999

  8. Ledochowski M, Widner B, Sperner-Unterweger B, Fuchs D. Besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen Fructosemalabsorption und der Neigung zur Depression? Neuropsychiatrie 13: 116-121, 1999

  9. Ledochowski M, Murr C, Widner B, Fuchs D. Association between insulin resistance, body mass and neopterin concentrations. Clin Chim Acta 282: 115-123, 1999

  10. Ledochowski M, Ueberall F. Propst T, Fuchs D. Fructose malabsorption is associated with lower plasma folic acid concentrations in middle-aged subjects. Clin Chem 45: 2013-2014, 1999

  11. Ledochowski M, Widner B, Propst-Braunsteiner T, Vogel W, Sperner-Unterweger B, Fuchs D. Fructose malabsorption is associated with decreased plasma tryptophan. Adv Exp Med Biol 467: 73-78, 1999

  12. Martinsons A, Rudzite V, Groma V, Bratislavska O, Widner B, Fuchs D. Kynurenine and neopterin in chronic glomerulonephritis. Adv Exp Med Biol 467: 579-586, 1999

  13. Murr C, Fuith LC, Widner B, Wirleitner B, Baier-Bitterlich G, Fuchs D. Increased neopterin concentrations in patients with cancer: indicator of oxidative stress? Anticancer Res 19: 1721-1728, 1999

  14. Murr C, Widner B, Wirleitner B, Baier-Bitterlich G, Fuchs D. Neopterin als Prognoseparameter bei malignen Tumorerkrankungen. J Lab Med 23: 545-549, 1999

  15. Murr C, Bergant A, Widschwendter M, Heim K, Schröcksnadel H, Fuchs D. Neopterin is an independent prognostic parameter in females with breast cancer. Clin Chem 45: 1998-2004, 1999

  16. NassonovEL, Samsonov MYU, Belenkov YU, Fuchs D: Immunopathology of congestive heart failure: the role of cytokines. Kardiologiya 3: 66-73, 1999

  17. Nassonov EL, Samsonov MI, Tilz GP, Nikiforova EL, Chichasova NV, Imametdinova GR, Ilich- Stoianovich O, Baranov AA, Fuchs D, Nasonova VA. Soluble adhesion molecules (P-selectin, ICAM-1, and ICAM-3) in rheumatoid arthritis. Ter Arkh 71: 17-20, 1999

  18. Nassonov EL, Samsonov MY, Wirleitner B, Tilz GP, Fuchs D: Neopterin in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Pteridines 10: 119-124, 1999

  19. Niedrig M, Stolte N, Fuchs D, Hunsmann G, Stahl-Hennig C: Intra-nasal infection of macaques with yellow fever (YF) vaccine strain 17D: a novel and economical approach for YF vaccination in man. Vaccine 17: 1206-1210, 1999

  20. Oettl K, Wirleitner B, Baier-Bitterlich G, Grammer T, Fuchs D, Reibnegger G: Formation of oxygen radicals in solutions of 7,8-dihydroneopterin. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 264: 262-267, 1999

  21. Pagel H, Fandrey J, Schobersberger W, Fuchs D, Jelkmann W: Effects of neopterin and 7,8-dihydro- neopterin on hypoxia-induced renal erythropoietin production. Eur J Haematol 62: 341-345, 1999

  22. Rudzite V, Jurika E, Widner B, Fuchs D. Similarity between the action of pteridines and tryptophan metabolites on lipid metabolism. Pteridines 10: 133-140, 1999

  23. Sattler W, Leblhuber F, Walli J, Widner B, Fuchs D. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of -tocopherol and neopterin in patients with dementia. Pteridines 10:220-224, 1999

  24. Schubert C, Lampe A, Rumpold G, Fuchs D, König P, Schüßler G. Daily psychosocial stressors interfere with the dynamics of urine neopterin in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: an integrative single-case study. Psychosom Med 61: 876-882, 1999

  25. Spöttl N, Wirleitner B, Böck G, Widner B, Fuchs D, Baier-Bitterlich G. Reduced pteridine derivatives induce apoptosis in human neuronal NT2/HNT cells. Immunobiology201: 478-491, 1999/2000

  26. Wede I, Widner B, Fuchs D. Neopterin derivatives modulate toxicity of reactive species on Escherichia coli. Free Rad Res 31: 381-388, 1999

  27. Weiss G, Murr C, Zoller H, Haun M, Widner B, Ludescher C, Fuchs D: Modulation of neopterin formation and tryptophan degradation by Th1- and Th2-derived cytokines in human monocytic cells. Clin Exp Immunol 116: 435-440, 1999

  28. Widner B, Fuith LC, Czarnecki M, Fuchs D. Correlation of neopterin concentrations in amniotic fluid and urine of pregnantwomen at delivery. Pteridines 10: 217-219, 1999

  29. Widner B, Leblhuber F, Walli J, Tilz GP, Demel U, Fuchs D. Degradation of tryptophan in neurogeneratives disorders. Adv Exp Med Biol 467: 133-138, 1999

  30. Widner B, Murr C, Wirleitner B, Mayr C, Spöttl N, Baier-Bitterlich G, Fuchs D. The importance of neopterin as a laboratory dianostic marker of immune activation. Pteridines 10: 101-111, 1999

  31. Widner B, Sepp N, Kowald E, Kind S, Schmuth M, Fuchs D: Degradation of tryptophan in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Exp Med Biol 467: 571-577, 1999

  32. Widner B, Wirleitner B, Baier-Bitterlich G, Murr C, Fuchs D: Neopterin – a laboratory diagnostic parameter for immune activation. FONS, Informacni Bulletin, Ceska Spolecnost Klinicke Biochemie 8: 32-41, 1999

  33. Widner B, Werner ER, Schennach H, Fuchs D. An HPLC method to determine tryptophan and kynurenine in serum simultaneously. Adv Exp Med Biol 467: 827-832, 1999

  34. Wiedermann FJ, Innerhofer P, Margreiter J, Fuchs D,Schobersberger W: Procalcitonin and neopterin in infectious diseases. Pteridines 10: 125-132, 1999


  1. Carl S, Iafrate JA, Lang SM, Lang SM, Stolte N, Stahl-Hennig C, Rensing-Mätz K, Fuchs D, Skowronski J, Kirchhoff F. Simian immunodeficiency virus containing mutations in n-terminal tyrosine residues and in the pxxp motif in nef replicates efficiently in rhesus macaques. J Virol 74: 4155-4164, 2000

  2. Fuchs D. Activated immune system and the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in congestive heart failure. SIICsalud 9;11-13, 2000

  3. Gonzalez-Calvin J, Tilz GP, Gallego-Rojo F, Torres-Almendros M, Widner B, Diez-RuizA, Rico-Irles J, Fuchs D. Neopterin soluble receptors for interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factors in viral cirrhosis and alcoholic cirrhosis. Pteridines 11, 43-47, 2000

  4. Gruber A, Murr C, Wirleitner B, Werner-Felmayer G, Fuchs D. Histamine suppresses neopterin production in the human myelomonoctoma cell line THP-1. Immunol Lett 72, 133-136, 2000

  5. Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Rosengren L, Gisslen M. Intrathecal immune activation is associated with cerebrospinal fluid markers of neuronal destruction in AIDS patients. J Neuroimmunol 102: 51-55, 2000

  6. Hobisch A, Ragatsch H, Hittmair A, Fuchs D, Bartsch G, Klocker H, Bartsch G, Culig Z. Immunohistochemical localization of interleukin-6 and its receptor in benign, premalignant and malignant prostate tissue. J Pathol 191, 239 – 244, 2000

  7. Hosp M, Lisse IM, Quigley M, Mwinga AM, Godfrey-Faussett P, Porter JDH, Luo N, Pobee J, Wachter H, McAdam KPWJ, Fuchs D. An evalation of low-cost progression markers in HIV-1 seropositive Zambians. HIV Med 1: 125-127, 2000

  8. Hosp M, Quigley M, Mwinga AM, Godfrey-Faussett P, Porter JDH, McAdam KPWJ, Fuchs D. Neopterin and other indicators of HIV progression in Zambian adults. Pteridines 11: 37-42, 2000

  9. Innerhofer P, Tilz G, Fuchs D, Luz G, Hobisch-Hagen P, Schobersberger W, Nussbaumer W, Lochs A, Irschick E. Immunologic changes following transfusion of autologous or allogeneic buffy-coat poor versus leukocyte-depleted blood transfusion in patients undergoing arthroplasty. Activation of T cells, macrophages and cell-mediated lympholysis. Transfusion 40: 821-827, 2000

  10. Ischia R, Hobisch A, Bauer R, Weiss U, Gasser RW, Horninger W, Bartsch G Jr, Fuchs D, BartschG, Winkler H, Klocher H, Fischer-Colbrie R, Culig Z. Elevated levels of serum secretoneurin in patients with therapy-resistant carcinoma of the prostate. J Urol 163: 1161-1165, 2000

  11. Laganovska G, Martinsons A, Pitrans B, Widner B, Fuchs D. Neopterin and kynurenine concentrations in aqueous humour of the anterior chamber of the eye and in serum of cataract patients with pseudoexfoliation. Pteridines 11: 94-99, 2000

  12. Leblhuber F, Walli J, Tilz GP, Demel U, Widner B, Fuchs D. Peripheral immune activation in Alzheimer Pteridines 11: 48-53, 2000

  13. Leblhuber F, Walli J, Artner-Dworzak E, Vrecko K, Widner B, Reibnegger R, Fuchs D. Hyperhomocysteinemia in dementia. J Neural Transm 107: 1469-1474, 2000

  14. Ledochowski M, Widner B, Bair H, Probst T, Fuchs D. Fructose- and sorbitol-reduced diet improves mood and gastrointestinal disturbances in fructose malabsorbers. Scand J Gastroenterol 35: 1048-1052, 2000

  15. Ledochowski M, Widner B, Sperner-Unterweger B, Propst T, Vogel W, Fuchs D. Carbohydrate malasorption syndromes and early signs of mental depression in females. Dig Dis Sci 45:1255-1259, 2000

  16. Ledochowski M, Widner B, Fuchs D. Fruktosemalabsorption. J Ernährungsmedizin 2: 10-14, 2000

  17. Maloney E, Claire Morgan O, Widner B, Werner E, Fuchs D. Central nervous system activation of the indolamine 2,3 dioxygenase pathway in HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. J Infect Dis 181: 2037-2040, 2000

  18. Margreiter JE, Schlager A, Schobersberger W, Balogh A, Balogh D, Lindner KH, Fuchs D. Exogenous neopterin causes cardiac contractile dysfunction in the isolated perfused rat heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 32, 1265-1274, 2000

  19. Murr C, Widner B, Sperner-Unterweger B, Ledochowski M, Schubert C, Fuchs D. Immune reaction links disease progression in cancer patients with depression. Medical Hypotheses 55; 137-140, 2000

  20. Nassonov EL, Samsonov MY, Tilz GP, Chichasova NV, Demel U, Widner B, Nikiphorova EL, Fuchs D. Soluble adhesion molecules in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 39: 808-810, 2000

  21. Nassonov EL, Samsonov MY, Tilz GP, Chichasova NV, Widner B, Demel U, Nikiphorova EL, Fuchs D. Neopterin, soluble adhesion molecules and soluble cytokine receptors correlate with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Pteridines 11: 54-59, 2000

  22. Prommegger R, Widner B, Murr C, Unger A, Fuchs D, Salzer GM. Neopterin – a prognostic parameter in surgery for lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 70: 1861-1864, 2000

  23. Rudzite V, Jurika E, Jäger M, Fuchs D. Impairment of lipid metabolism due to deficiency of pyridoxal-5- phosphate and/or activated immune system: its interpretation. Pteridines 11: 107-120, 2000

  24. Sauermann U, Stahl-Hennig C, Stolte N, Mühl T, Krawaczak M, Spring M, Fuchs D, Kaup FJ, Hunsmann G, Stopper S. Homozygosity for a conserved Mhc class II DQ-DRB haplotype is associated with rapid disease progression in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques: results from a prospective study. J Inf Disease 182: 716-24, 2000

  25. Schennach H, Meyersbach P, Schönitzer D, Fuchs D. Additional neopterin screening to improve safety of blood donations. Pteridines 11: 76-80, 2000

  26. Schobersberger W, Hobisch-Hagen P, Fries D, Wiedermann F, Rieder-Scharinger J, Villiger B, Frey W, Herold M, Fuchs D, Jelkmann W. Increase in immune activation, vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin after an ultramarathon run at moderate altitude. Immunobiology 201: 611-620, 2000

  27. Speth C, Stöckl G, Fuchs D, Wirleitner B, Widner B, Würzner R, Mohsenipour I, Dierich MP. Inflammation marker 7,8-dihydroneopterin induces apoptosis of neurons and glial cells – potential contribution to neurodegenerative processes. Immunobiology 202: 460-476, 2000

  28. Widner B, Ledochowski M, Fuchs D. Interferon-gamma-induced tryptophan degradation: neuropsychiatric and immunological consequences. Curr Drug Metabol 1: 193-204, 2000

  29. Widner B, Leblhuber F, Walli J, Tilz GP, Demel U, Fuchs D. Tryptophan degradation and immune activation in Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm 107: 343-353, 2000

  30. Widner B, Sepp N, Kowald E, Ortner U, Wirleitner B, Fritsch P, Baier-Bitterlich G, Fuchs D. Enhanced tryptophan degradation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunobiology 201: 621-630, 2000

  31. Widner B, Mayr C, Wirleitner B, Fuchs D. Oxidation of 7,8-dihydroneopterin by hypochlorous acid yields neopterin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 275: 307-311, 2000

  32. Widner B, Wirleitner B, Baier-Bitterlich G, Weiss G,Fuchs D. Cellular immune activation, neopterin production, tryptophan degradation, and the development of immunodeficiency. Arch Immunol Ther Exp 48: 251-258, 2000

  33. Widner B, Fuchs D. Immune activation and degradation of tryptophan. Modern Asp Immunol 1: 105-108, 2000

  34. Wirleitner B, Kowald E, Widner B, Ortner U, Baier-Bitterlich G, Sepp N, Fuchs D. Soluble fas ligand and neopterin in patients with systemic and cutaneous discoid lupus erythematosus. Pteridines 11: 85-89, 2000


  1. Amadori A, Wirleitner B, Diez-Ruiz A, Veronesi A, Chieco-Bianchi L, Fuchs D. Neopterin production in SCID mice injected with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Immunobiology 203: 642-649, 2001

  2. Amann A, Widner B, Rieder J, Antretter H, Hoffmann G, Mayr V, Strohmenger HU, Fuchs D. Monitoring of immune activation using biochemical changes in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. Mediators Inflamm 10:343-346,2001

  3. Andersson L, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Svennerholm B, Gisslen M. Increased blood-brain barrier permeability in neuro-asymptomatic HIV-1-infected individuals-correlation with cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNA and neopterin levels. J Neurovirol 7: 542-7, 2001

  4. Demel U, Földes-Papp Z, Fuchs D, Tilz GP. Characterization of pteridines: a new apporoach by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and analysis of assay sensitivity. Pteridines 12:147-154,2001

  5. Enzinger C, Wirleitner B, Böck G, Baier-Bitterlich G, Fuchs D. Influence of cytokines tumor necrosis factor- and interferon- on signaling cascades associated with apoptosis in PC12 cells. Neurosci Lett 316;157-160, 2001

  6. Fuchs D, Jaeger M, Widner B, Wirleitner B, Artner-Dworzak E, Leblhuber F. Is hyperhomocysteinemia due to oxidative depletion of folate rather than insufficient dietary intake. Clin Chem Lab Med 39:691- 694,2001

  7. Fuchs D. Neopterin. MTA Dialog 11: 984, 2001

  8. Hobisch A, Ramoner R, Fuchs D, Godoy-Tundidor S, Bartsch G, Klocker H, Culig Z. Prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) generated after long-term interleukin-6 treatment express interleukin-6 and acquire an interleukin-6-resistant phenotype. Clin Cancer Res 7:2941-2948, 2001

  9. Hobisch-Hagen P, Wiedermann F, Mayr A, Fries D, Jelkmann W, Fuchs D, Hasibeder W, Mutz N, Klingler A, Schobersberger W. Blunted erythropoietic response to anemia in multiplytraumatized patients. Crit Care Med 29: 743-747, 2001

  10. Lass-Flörl C, Dierich MP, Fuchs D, Semenitz E, Ledochowski M. Antifungal activity against candida species of the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, sertraline. Clin Infect Dis 33: 135-6, 2001

  11. Lass-Flörl C, Dierich MP, Fuchs D, Semenitz E, Jenewein I, Ledochowski M. Antifungal properties of selective serotonin reuprtake inhibitors against Aspergillus species in vitro. J Antimicrob Chemother 48: 775-779, 2001

  12. Ledjeff E, Artner-Dworzak E, Witasek A, Fuchs D, Hausen A. Neopterin Concentrations in Colon Dialysate. Pteridines 12: 155, 2001

  13. Ledochowski M, Widner B, Murr C, Sperner-Unterweger B, Fuchs D. Fructose malabsorption is associated with decreased plasma tryptophan. Scand J Gastroenterol 36: 367-371, 2001

  14. Ledochowski M, Murr C, Widner B, Fuchs D. Inverse relationship between neopterin and immunoglobulin E. Clin Immunol 98: 104-108, 2001

  15. Ledochowski M, Murr C, Lass-Florl, Fuchs D. Increased serum amylase and lipase in fructose malabsorbers. Clinica Chimica Acta 311:119-123,2001

  16. Ledochowski M, Widner B, Murr C, Fuchs D. Decreased serum zinc in fructose malabsorbers. Clin Chem 47: 745-747, 2001

  17. Ledochowski M, Murr C, Lass-Flörl C, Fuchs D. Helicobacter pylori and neopterin. Pteridines 12:126-129,2001

  18. Ledochowski M, Murr C, Jäger M, Fuchs D. Dehydroepiandrosterone, ageing and immune activation. Exp Gerontol 36: 1739-1747, 2001

  19. Münch J, Adam N, Finze N, Stolte N, Stahl-Hennig C, Fuchs D, Ten Haaft P, Heeney JL, Kirchhoff F. Simian immunodeficiency virus in which nef and u3 sequences do not overlap replicates efficiently in vitro and in vivo in rhesus macaques. J Virol 75:8137-46,2001

  20. Münch J, Stolte N, Fuchs D, Stahl-Hennig C, Kirchhoff F. Efficient class I major histocompatibility complex down-regulation by simian immunodeficiency virus nef is associated with a strong selective advantage in infected rhesus macaques. J Virol 75: 10532-6, 2001

  21. Murr C, Gerlach D, Widner B, Dierich MP, Fuchs D. Neopterin production and tryptophan degradation in humans infected by Streptococcus pyogenes. Med Microbiol Immunol 189: 161-163, 2001

  22. Quigley MA, Mwinga A, Hosp M, Lisse I, Fuchs D, Porter J, Godfrey-Faussett P. Long term effect of preventive therapy for tuberculosis in a cohort of HIV-infected Zambian adults. AIDS 15: 215-222, 2001

  23. Rudzite V, Saliva A, Kalnins U, Erglis A, Jäger M, Trushinkskis K, Fuchs D. Association between increased serum neopterin and homocysteine concentrations as well as pyridoxal phosphate deficiency in patients with coronary heart disease. Pteridines 12;130-134,2001

  24. Schennach H, Mayersbach P, Schönitzer D, Fuchs D. Zusätzliche Neopterinbestimmung bei Blutspenden: Verminderung des Infektionsrisikos. Österr Krankenhaus-Ztg 12: 17-20, 2001

  25. Schinkel C, Licht K, Zedler S, Schinkel S, Frauenberger P, Fuchs D, Neugebauer E, Kreuzer E, Faist E. Interferon- modifies cytokine release in vitro by monocytes from surgical patients. J Trauma 50: 321- 327, 2001

  26. Schinkel C, Licht K, Zedler S, Schinkel S, Fuchs D, Faist E. Perioperative treatment with human recombinant interferon-gamma:a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Shock 16: 329-33, 2001

  27. Schubert C,Lampe A, Runpold G, Geser W, Noisternig B, Chamson E, Schatz D, König P, Fuchs D, Schüßler G. Der Einfluss von Alltagsbeslastung und assoziierten Emotionen auf den dynamischen Verlauf von Cortisol und Neopterin bei Patientinnen mit systemischem Lupus erythematodes: Ergebnisse aus zwei !integrativen Einzefallstudien“. Z Psychosom Med Psychother 47: 58-79, 2001

  28. Sperner-Unterweger B, Eder-Ischia U, Widner B, Fuchs D, Fleischhacker WW. Immunologic changes in schizophrenia - effects of the disease? Adv Biol Psychiatry 20:66-74, 2001

  29. Widner B, Sperner-Unterweger B, Leblhuber F, Ledochowski M, Fuchs D. Neopterin production and trytophan degradation in patients with neurodegenerative disease: linke between immune activation and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Adv Biol Psychiatry 20:30-40, 2001

  30. Wirleitner B, Czaputa R, Oettl K, Böck G, Widner B, Reibnegger G, Baier G, Fuchs D, Baier-Bitterlich G. Induction of apoptosis by 7,8-dihydroneopterin: involvement of radical formation. Immunobiology 203; 629-641, 2001

  31. Zvetkova E, Wirleitner B, Tram NT, Schennach H, Fuchs D. Aqueous extracts of Crinum latifolium (L.) and Camellia sinensis show immunomodulatory properties in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Intern Immunopharmacol 1:2143-2150, 2001

  32. Zvetkova E, Fuchs D, Katzarova E, Bakalska M, Svetoslavova M, Nikolov B. Neopterin acting as a bone marrow stem cell factor on early common haematopoietic (myeloid) and stromal (dendritic, CD34+) cell progenitors in vitro. Pteridines 12:135-139, 2001


  1. Abdulle S, Hagberg L, Svennerholm B, Fuchs D, Gisslen M. Continuning intrathecal immunoactivation despite two years of effective antiretroviral therapy against HIV-1 infection. AIDS 16: 2145-2149, 2002

  2. De Milito Aleman S, Marenzi R, Sönnerborg A, Fuchs D, Zazzi M Chiodi F. Plasma levels of soluble CD27: a simple marker to monitor immune activation during potent antiretroiral therapy in HIV-1 infected subjects. Clin Exp Immunol 127:486-494,2002

  3. Enzinger C, Wirleitner B, Spöttl N, Böck G, Fuchs D, Baier-Bitterlich G. Reduced pteridine derivatives induce apoptosis in PC12 cells. Neurochem Int 41:71-78,2002

  4. Enzinger C, Wirleitner B, Lutz C, Böck G, Tomaselli B, Baier G, Fuchs D, Baier-Bitterlich. 7,8- dihydroneopterin induces apoptosis of jurkat T-lymphocytes via a bcl-2 sensitiv pathway. Eur J Cell Biol 81:197-202,2002

  5. Földes-Papp Z, Demel U, Berry D, Domej W, Fuchs D, Tilz GP. Tissue transglutaminase antibody determination in celiac disease: analysis of diagnostic specificity of anti-humam IgA-type assays. J Immunoassay Immunochem 23; 211-227, 2002

  6. Gavryushin V, Auksorius E, Fuchs D, Vaitkuvienė A. The role of neopterin in the fluorescence investigations of biotissue pathology. Lithuanian J Physics 42:111-118,2002

  7. Gruber G, Lirk P, Amann A, Keller C, Schobersberger W, Hoffmann G, Fuchs D, Rieder J. Neopterin as a marker of immunostimulation: an investigation in anaesthetic workplaces. Anaesthesia 57: 747-50, 2002

  8. Herpfer I, Greilberger J, Ledinski G, Widner B, Fuchs D, Jürgens G. Neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin interfere with low density lipoprotein oxidation mediated by peroxynitrite and/ or cooper. Free Radical Res 36: 509-520, 2002

  9. Huang A, Fuchs D, Widner B, Glover C, Henderson DC, Allen-Mersh TG. Serum tryptophan decrease correlates with immune activation and impaired quality of life in colorectal cancer. Brit J Cancer 86: 1691-1696, 2002

  10. Laich A, Leblhuber F, Widner B, Artner-Dworzak E, Jellinger K, Fuchs D. Moderate hyperhomocysteinaemia in patients with huntington’s disease. Pteridines 13: 121-125, 2002

  11. Laich A, Neurauter G, Widner B, Fuchs D. More rapid method for simultaneous measurement of tryptophan and kynurenine by HPLC. Clin Chem 48: 579-581, 2002

  12. Laich A, Neurauter G, Wirleitner B, Fuchs D. Degradation of serum neopterin during day- and sunlight exposure. Clin Chim Acta 322: 175-187, 2002

  13. Murr C, Widner B, Wirleitner B, Fuchs D. Neopterin as a marker for immune system activation. Curr Drug Metabol 3: 175-187, 2002

  14. Parrak V, Irsakova J, Skrakova M, Pindak D, Pechan J, Chovancova D, Divines L, Secnik P, Rakicka I, Fuchs D. Clinical significance of neopterin (NPT), our experiences. Lek Obz 51: 248-251, 2002

  15. Rudzite V, Jurika E, Kalnins U, Erglis A, Trusinskis K, Jegere S, Frick B, Fuchs D. Comparing the sensitivity of pyridoxal-5-phosphate, homocysteine and neopterin in coronary heart disease. Pteridines 13: 100-103, 2002

  16. Sarcletti M, Bitterlich W, Fuchs D, Zangerle R. Is the poorer rate of survival among patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and anemia linked to immune activation? J Infect Dis 186:141- 142, 2002

  17. Schennach H, Hessenberger G, Mayersbach P, Schönitzer D, Fuchs D. Acute cytomegalovirus infections in blood donors are indicated by increased serum neopterin concentrations. Med Microbiol Immunol 191: 115-118, 2002

  18. Schennach H, Lanthaler AJ, Mayersbach P, Ulmer H, Müll K, Schönitzer D, Fuchs D, Larcher C. Human parvovirus B19 detection in asymptomatic blood donors: association with increased neopterin concentration. J Infect Dis 168: 1494-1497, 2002

  19. Schennach H, Murr C, Gächter E, Mayersbach P, Schönitzer D, Fuchs D. Factors influencing serum neopterin concentrations in a population of blood donors. Clin Chem 48:643-645,2002

  20. Schennach H, Murr C, Gächter E, Mayersbach P, Schönitzer D, Fuchs D. Association between neopterin production and other parameters in a population of blood donors. Pteridines 13: 133-139, 2002

  21. Schennach H, Murr C, Larcher C, Streif W, Pastner E, Zaknun D, Schönitzer D, Fuchs D. Neopterin concentrations in cord blood: a single cohortstudy of paired samples of 541 pregnant women and their newborns. Clin Chem 48: 2059-61, 2002

  22. Sperner-Unterweger B, Miller C, Holzner B, Laich A, Widner B, Fleischhacker WW, Fuchs D. Immunologic alterations in schizophrenia: neopterin, L-kynurenine, tryptophan and T-cell subsets in the acute stage of illness. Pteridines 13: 9-14, 2002

  23. Stahl-Hennig C, Fendrich C, Lüke W, Widner B, Hunsmann G, Fuchs D. Urinary neopterin indicates early infecion and disease progression: model studies with simian and human immunodeficiency viruses in macaques. Pteridines 13: 1-8, 2002

  24. Weiss G, Diez-Ruiz A, Murr C, Theurl I, Fuchs D. Tryptophan metabolites as scavengers of reactive oxygen and chlorine species. Pteridines 13: 140-144, 2002

  25. Widner B, Laich A, Sperner-Unterweger B, Ledochowski M, Fuchs D. Neopterin production tryptophan degradation and mental depression: what is the link? Brain Behav Immun 16: 590-595, 2002

  26. Widner B, Leblhuber F, Fuchs D. Increased neopterin production and tryptophan degradation in advanced Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm 109: 181-189, 2002

  27. Widner B, Enzinger C, Laich A, Wirleitner B, Fuchs D. Hyperhomocysteinemia pteridines and oxidative stress. Current Drug Metabol 3: 225-232, 2002

  28. Widner B, Leblhuber F, Frick B, Laich A, Artner-Dworzak E, Fuchs D. Moderate hyperhomocysteinamia and immune activation in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm 109; 1445-1452, 2002

  29. Wirleitner B, Reider D, Ebner S, Böck G, Widner B, Jaeger M, Schennach H, Romani N, Fuchs D. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells release neopterin. J Leukocyte Biol 72: 1148-53, 2002

  30. Zangerle R, Widner B, Quirchmair G Neurauter G, Sarcletti M, Fuchs D. Effective antiretroviral therapy reduces degradation of tryptophan in patients with HIV-1 infection. Clin Immunol 104: 242-247, 2002

  31. Zvetkova E, Fuchs D, Denkova R, Baleva K, Timeva T, Bourneva V, Yaneva E, Ilieva I, Katzarova E, Nikolov B, Savov J. The role of neopterin in regulating ovarian granulosa cells growth (proliferation/ differentiation) and steroidogenesis in vitro. Acta Morphol Anthropol (Sofia) 7: 28-31, 2002


  1. Capuron L, Neurauter G, Musselman DL, Lawson DH, Nemeroff CB, Fuchs D, Miller AH. Interferon- alpha-induced changes in tryptophan metabolism. Relationship to depression and paroxetine treatment. Biol Psychiatry 54:906-914, 2003

  2. Frick B, Schroecksnadel K, Neurauter G, Wirleitner B, Artner-Dworzak E, Fuchs D. Rapid measurement of total plasma homocysteine by HPLC. Clin Chim Acta 331: 19-23, 2003

  3. Frick B, Neurauter G, Diez-Ruiz A, Schroecksnadel K, Wirleitner B, Leblhuber F, Fuchs D. Neopterin a y productos oxidativos en sangre de pacientes con varias formas de demencia. Investig Clin (Spain) 5: 110-114, 2003

  4. Frick B, Neurauter G, Diez-Ruiz A, Schroecksnadel K, Wirleitner B, Leblhuber F, Fuchs D. Neopterin and oxidation products in the blood of patients with various forms of dementia. Pteridines 13: 88-93, 2003

  5. Frick B, Rudzite V, Schröcksnadel K, Kalnins U, Erglis A, Trusinskis K, Fuchs D. Homocysteine, B vitamins and immune activation in coronary heart disease. Pteridines 13: 82-87, 2003

  6. Hoffmann G, Wirleitner B, Fuchs D. Potential role of immune system activation associated production of neopterin derivatives in humans. Inflammation Res 52: 313-321,2003

  7. Huang A, Fuchs D, Widner B, Glover C, Henderson DC, Allen-Mersh TG. Tryptophan and quality of life in colorectal cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 27:353-358, 2003

  8. Lass-Flörl C, Fuchs D, Ledochowski M, Speth C, Dierich MP, Würzner R. Antifungal properties of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) against Candida species in vitro. J Med Microbiol 52:169-171,2003

  9. Laganovska G, Martinsons A, Pitrans B, Widner B, Fuchs D. Kynurenine and neopterin in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber of the eye and in serum of cataract patients. Adv Exp Med Biol 527:367-374, 2003

  10. Lass-Flörl C, Ledochowski M, Fuchs D, Speth C, Kacani L, Dierich MP, Fuchs A, Würzner R. Interaction of sertraline with Candida species selectively attenuates fungal virulence in vitro. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 35: 11-15, 2003

  11. Ledochowski M, Bair H, Fuchs D. Laktoseintoleranz. J Ernährungsmed. 5: 7-14, 2003

  12. Ledochowski M, Murr C, Sperner-Unterweger B, Neurauter G, Fuchs D. Association between increased serum cholesterol and signs of depressive mood. Clin Chem Lab Med41: 821-824, 2003

  13. Murr C, Hainz U, Asch E, Berger P, Jenewein B, Saurwein-Teissl M, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Fuchs D. Association of increased neopterin production with decreased humoral immunity in the elderly. Exp Gerontol 38: 583-587, 2003

  14. Neurauter G, Wirleitner B, Laich A, Schennach H, Weiss G, Fuchs D. Atorvastatin suppresses interferon-- induced neopterin formation and tryptophan degradation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in monocytic cell lines. Clin Exp Immunol 131:264-267,2003

  15. Neurauter G, Zangerle R, Widner B, Quirchmair G, Sarcletti M, Fuchs D. Effective antiretroviral therapy reduces degradation of tryptophan in patients with HIV-1 infection. Adv Exp Med Biol 527:317-312, 2003

  16. Pindak D, Parrak V, Pechan J, Vavrecka A, Kuzela L, Fuchs D, Irsakova J. The clinical value of the procalcitonin in prediction of severity and outcome in acute pancreatitis. Hepatogastroeneterology 50 (Suppl 2):28-32,2003

  17. Razumovitch JA, Semenkova GN, Fuchs D, Cherenkevich SN. Influence of neopterin on the generation of reactive oxygen species in human neutrophils. FEBS Lett 549,83-86, 2003

  18. Rudzite V, Jurika E, Fuchs D, Kalnins U, Erglis A, Trusinkis K. Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, neopterin and phospholipids in patients with different grade of coronary heart disease. Pteridines 14:133-137, 2003

  19. Rudzite V, Fuchs D, Kalnins U, Jurika E, Silava A, Erglis A, Trusinskis K, Jegere S. Prognostic value of tryptophan load test followed by serum kynurenine determination. It's comparison with pyridoxal-5-phosphate, kynurenine, homocysteine and neopterin amounts. Adv Exp Med Biol 527:307-315, 2003

  20. Sarcletti M, Quirchmair G, Weiss G, Fuchs D, Zangerle R. Increase of haemoglobin levels by anti- retroviral therapy is associated with a decrease in immune activation. Eur J Haematol 70: 17-25, 2003

  21. Schröcksnadel K, Widner B, Bergant A, Neurauter G, Schennach H, Schröcksnadel H, Fuchs D. Longitudinal study of tryptophan degradation during and after pregnancy. Life Sci 72: 785-793, 2003

  22. Schroecksnadel K, Kaser S, Ledochowski M, Neurauter G, Mur E, Herold M, Fuchs D. Increased degradation of tryptophan in blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Reumatol 30:1935-1939, 2003

  23. Schroecksnadel K, Frick B, Wirleitner B, Schennach H, Fuchs D. Homocysteine accumulates in supernatants of stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Clin Exp Immunol 134:53-56, 2003

  24. Schroecksnadel K, Frick B, Kaser S, Wirleitner B, Ledochowski M, Mur E, Herold M, Fuchs D. Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia and immune activation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Chim Acta 338, 157-164, 2003

  25. Schroecksnadel K, Frick B, Winkler C, Leblhuber F, Wirleitner B, Fuchs D. Hyperhomocysteinemia and immune activation. Clin Chem Lab Med 41:1438-1443, 2003

  26. Schroecksnadel K, Widner B, Bergant A, Neurauter G, Schrocksnadel H, Fuchs D. Tryptophan degradation during and after gestation. Adv Exp Med Biol 527:77-83, 2003

  27. Schubert C, Lampe A, Geser W, Noisternig B, Fuchs D, König P, Chamson E, Schüßler G. Daily psychosocial stressors and cyclic response patterns in urine cortisol and neopterin in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Psychoneuroendocrinology 28:459-473,2003

  28. Steiner H, Godoy-Tundidor S, Rogatsch H, Berger AP, Fuchs D, Comuzzi B, Bartsch G, Hobisch A, Culig Z. Accelerated in vivo growth of prostate tumors that up-regulate interleukin-6 is associated with reduced retinoblastoma protein expression and activation of the mitogenactivated protein kinase pathway. Am J Pathol 162:655-663,2003

  29. Toncheva D, Galabov AS, Laich A, Atanassova S, Kamarinchev B, Dimitrov T, Fuchs D. Urinary neopterin concentrations in patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN). Kidney Int 64:1817- 1821,2003.

  30. Walter RB, Fuchs D, Weiss G, Walter TR, Reinhard WH. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are associated with decreased serum neopterin levels in stable coronary artery disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 41:1314-1319,2003

  31. Wiedermann F, Mayr AJ, Hobisch-Hagen P, Fuchs D, Schobersberger W. Association of endogenous G-CSF with anti-inflammatory mediators in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Interferon Cytokine Res 23:729-736, 2003

  32. Winkler C, Wirleitner B, Werner ER, Fuchs D. Urinary neopterin concentrations in healthy individuals with houshold contacts. Pteridines 14: 34-38, 2003

  33. Winkler C, Frick B, Schreocksnadel B, Wirleitner B, Fuchs D. Follow-up of urinary neopterin concentrations in two children until adolescence. Pteridines 14: 102-107, 2003

  34. Wirleitner B, Neurauter G, Schröcksnadel K, Frick B, Fuchs D. Interferon--induced conversion of tryptophan: immunologic and neuropsychiatric aspects. Curr Med Chem 10: 1581-1591, 2003

  35. Wirleitner B, Obermoser C, Boeck G, Neurauter G, Schennach H, Sepp N, Fuchs F. Induction of apoptosis in human blood T cells by 7,8-dihydroneopterin: the difference between healthy controls and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 107: 152-159, 2003

  36. Wirleitner B, Rudzite V, Neurauter G, Murr C, Kalnins U, Erglis A, Trusinskis K, Fuchs D. Immune activation and degradation of tryptophan in coronary heart disease. Eur J Clin Invest 33, 550-554, 2003

  37. Wirleitner B, Neurauter G, Schröcksnadel K, Frick B, Fuchs D. Determination of tryptophan and kynurenine to estimate activity of indoleamine (2,3)-dioxygenase. Lab Med Intern 20, 11-14, 2003

  38. Wirleitner B, Schröcksnadel K, Winkler C, Frick B, Fuchs D. In vivo determination of oxidative stress. Aktuelle Ernährung Med 28, 363-370, 2003


  1. Arvidson N, Gisslen M, Albert J, Brandin E, Svennerholm B, Fuchs D, Hagberg L. Cerebrospinal fluid viral load, virus isolation, and intrathecal immunoactivation in HIV type 2 infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 20: 711-715, 2004

  2. Frick B, Capuron L, Schroecksnadel K, Musselman D, Lawson DH, Nemeroff CB, Miller AH, Fuchs D. Plasma homocysteine and immune activation in patients with malignant melanoma undergoing treatment with interferon-alpha. J Interferon Cytokine Res 24: 311-317, 2004

  3. Frick B, Schroecksnadel K, Neurauter G, Leblhuber F, Fuchs D. Increasing production of homocysteine and neopterin and degradation of tryptophan with older age. Clin Biochem 37: 684-687, 2004

  4. Garcia-Ruiz P, Canora LJ, Diez Ruiz A, Fuchs D, Wachter H. Soluble interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor receptor in cirrhosis. Relationship with clinical severity and prognosis. Med Clin (Barc) 122: 441- 443, 2004.

  5. Irschick EU, Sgonc R, Böck G, Wolf H, Fuchs D, Nussbaumer W, Göttinger W, Huemer HP. Retinal pigment epithelial phagocytosis and metabolism differ from those of macrophages. Opthalmic Res 36:195-205,2004

  6. Leitner S, Golderer G, Winkler C, Fuchs D, Werner-Felmayer G, Werner ER. Interferon--induced growth inhibition of neuroblastoma cells is independent of nitric oxide synthase and indoleamine (2,3)-dioxygenase. Pteridines 15: 91-96, 2004

  7. Murr C, Hainz U, Asch E, Berger P, Jenewein B, Saurwein-Teissl M, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Fuchs D. Increased neopterin concentration in older age coincides with decline of CD28+CD45RA+ T-cells. Pteridines 15: 150-154,2004

  8. Neurauter G, Wirleitner B, Schroecksnadel K, Schennach H, Ueberall F, Fuchs D. PADMA 28 modulates interferon--induced tryptophan degradation and neopterin production in human PBMC in vitro. Intern Immunopharmacol 4, 833-839, 2004

  9. Neurauter G, Wirleitner B, Schroecksnadel K, Schennach H, Fuchs D. Wine and grape juice modulate interferon--induced neopterin production and tryptophan degradation in human PBMC. Pteridines 15: 1- 9, 2004

  10. Neurauter G, Wirleitner B, Schroecksnadel K, Frick B, Fuchs D. Interferon--induzierter Tryptophanabbau: Bedeutung für Immunologie und Psychiatrie. Aktuelle Ernährungsmed (J Metabol Res Clin Nutrition Diet) 29:171-177, 2004

  11. Pagel H, Hoffmann G, Fuchs D, Schobersberger W. On the mechanisms of the neopterin-induced suppression of renal erythropopietin production. Pteridines 15: 28-32, 2004

  12. Razumovitch J, Fuchs D, SemenkovaGN, Cherenkevich SN. Influence of neopterin on generation of reactive species by myeloperoxidase in human neutrophils. Biochim Biophys Acta 1672: 46-50, 2004

  13. Razumovitch J, SemenkovaGN, Fuchs D, Cherenkevich SN. Generation of reactive oxygen and chlorine species by neutrophils under the action of neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin. News Biomed Sci (Minsk) 4:88-93, 2004

  14. Schobersberger W, Hoffmann G, Fries D, Gunga HC, Greie S, Fuchs D, Klingler A, Humpeler E. AMAS (Austrian Moderate Altitude Study)-2000: Effects of hiking holidays at moderate altitude and sport activities on immune system markers in persons with metabolic syndrome. Pteridines 15: 149-154, 2004

  15. Schroecksnadel K, Frick B, Wirleitner B, Winkler C, Schennach H, Fuchs D. Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia and immune activation. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 5:107-118, 2004

  16. Schroecksnadel K, Murr C, Winkler C, Wirleitner B, Fuith LC, Fuchs D. Neopterin to monitor pathologies involving interferon- production. Pteridines 15: 75-90, 2004

  17. Schroecksnadel K, Leblhuber F, Frick B, Wirleitner B, Fuchs D. Association of hyperhomocysteinemia in Alzheimer’s disease with elevated neopterin levels. Alzheimer’s Dis Assoc Disord 18: 129-133, 2004

  18. Schroecksnadel K, Neurauter G, Wirleitner B, Fuchs D. Immunmodulatorische Wirkung von Wein und Traubensaft. J Ernährungsmedizin 6, 14-18, 2004

  19. Ueberall F, Fuchs D. Chronische Entzündungen: Modulation des Zytokinnetzwerkes durch Padma 28. Schweiz Zschr GanzheitsMedizin 16, 360-362, 2004

  20. Weiss G, Schroecksnadel K, Mattle V, Winkler C, Konwalinka G, Fuchs D. Possible role of cytokine-induced tryptophan degradation in anaemia of inflammation. Eur J Haematol 72: 130-134, 2004

  21. Wiedermann FJ, Mayr AJ, Kaneider NC, Fuchs D, Mutz N, Schobersberger W. Alveolar granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and alpha-chemokines in relation to serum levels, pulmonary neutrophilia, and severity of lung injury in ARDS. Chest 125: 212-219, 2004

  22. Winkler C, Wirleitner B, Schroecksnadel K, Schennach H, Mur E, Fuchs D. In vitro effects of two extracts and two pure alkaloid preparations of Uncaria tomentosa on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Planta Med 70: 205-210, 2004

  23. Winkler C, Wirleitner B, Schroecksnadel K, Schennach H, Fuchs D. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) counteracts cytokine-induced tryptophan catabolism in vitro. Biol Chem 385:1197-1202, 2004

  24. Wirleitner B, Neurauter G, Nagl M, Fuchs D. Down-regulatory effect of N-chlorotaurine on tryptophan degradation and neopterin production in human PBMC. Immunol Lett 93; 143-149, 2004

  25. Wolf AM, Wolf D, Rumpold H, Moschen AR, Kaser A, Obrist P, Fuchs D, Brandacher G, Winkler C, Geboes K, Rutgeerts P, Tilg H. Overexpression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in human inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Immunol 113:47-55, 2004

  26. Yilmaz A, Ståhle L, Hagberg L, Svennerholm B, Fuchs D, Gisslén M. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and lopinavir concentrations following lopinavir/ritonavir regimen Scand J Infect Dis 36:823-828,2004


  1. Balogh A, Mittermayr M, Schlager A, Balogh D, Schobersberger W, Fuchs D, Margreiter JE. Mechanism of neopterin-induced myocardial dysfunction in the isolated perfused rat heart. Biochim Biophys Acta 1724:17-22, 2005

  2. Gisslén M, Fredman P, Fuchs D, Lekman A, Rosengren L. Temporarily controlled HIV-1 replication after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Scand J Infect Dis 37:877-881,2005

  3. Gluhcheva Y, Schroecksnadel K, Wirleitner B, Zvetkova E, Konwalinka G, Fuchs D. Interferon-gamma-stimulated neopterin production and tryptophan degradation by human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. Dokladi na Bolgarskata Akademya na Naukite (Sofia) 58:445-450, 2005

  4. Godoy-Tundidor S, Cavarretta IT, Fuchs D, Fiechtl M, Steiner H, Friedbichler K, Bartsch G, Hobisch A, Culig Z. Interleukin-6 and oncostatin M stimulation of proliferation of prostate cancer 22Rv1 cells through the signaling pathways of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Prostate. 64:209-216, 2005

  5. Hainz U, Obexer P, Sedlmayr P, Greinix H, Lawitschka A, Poetschger U, Fuchs D, Ladisch S, Heitger A. Monocyte-mediated T-cell suppression and augmented monocyte tryptophan catabolism after human hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 105:4127-4134, 2005

  6. Jenny M, Schwaiger W, Bernhard D, Wrulich O, Cosaceanu D, Fuchs D, Ueberall F. Apoptosis induced by the Tibetan herbal remedy PADMA 28 in the T-cell-derived lymphocytic leukaemia cell line CEM-C7H2. J Carcinog 4:15 (1-8), 2005

  7. Kohl C, Walch T, Huber R, Kemmler G, Neurauter G, Fuchs D, Soelder E, Schroecksnadel H, Sperner-Unterweger B. Measurement of tryptophan, kynurenine and neopterin in women with and without postpartum blues. J Affect Dis 86:135-42, 2005

  8. Mueller UJ, Frick B, Winkler C, Fuchs D, Wenning GK, Poewe W, Mueller J. Homocysteine and serum markers of immune activation in primary dystonia. Movement Dis 20:1663-1667, 2005

  9. Murr C, Schroecksnadel K., Winkler C, Ledochowski M, Fuchs D. Antioxidants may increase the probability of developing allergic diseases and asthma. Med Hypotheses 64:973-977, 2005

  10. Murr C, Fuith LC, Fuchs D. Über den Zusammenhang zwischen maligner Tumorerkrankung und Depressionsneigung - ein immunbiochemischer Ansatz. Facharzt Neurologie/Psychiatrie 14:16-19, 2005

  11. Murr C, Schroecksnadel K, Schönitzer D, Fuchs D Schennach H. Neopterin concentrations in blood donors differ between AB0 blood group phenotypes. Clin Biochem 38:916-919, 2005

  12. Neurauter G, Wirleitner B, Schennach H, Ueberall F, Fuchs D. A herbal multicomponent mixture effective in suppressing biochemical pathways in mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Pteridines 16:195-201, 2005

  13. Pellegrin K, Neurauter G, Wirleitner B, Fleming AW, Peterson VM, Fuchs D. Enhanced enzymatic degradation of tryptophan by indoleamine (2,3)-dioxygenase contributes to the tryptophan deficient state seen after major trauma. Shock 23:209-215, 2005

  14. Razumovitch J, SemenkovaGN, Fuchs D, Cherenkevich SN. Neopterin – a signal molecule in immune response. News Biomed Sci (Minsk) 5:118-124, 2005

  15. Rudzite V, Jurika E, Fuchs D, Kalnins U, Erglis A, Trusinskis K. Inflammation, homocysteine, pyridoxal-5-phosphate and lipids in patients with coronary artery disease before and six months after coronary angioplasty followed by stent implantation. Pteridines 16:190-194, 2005.

  16. Rudzite V, Jurika E, Schroecksnadel K, Kalnins U, Erglis A, Trusinkis K, Fuchs D. Usefulness of neopterin, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, pyridoxal-5-phosphate, and phospholipid determination in coronary artery disease. Pteridines 16:15-21, 2005

  17. Schroecksnadel K, Winkler C, Wirleitner B, Schennach H, Fuchs D. Aspirin down-regulates tryptophan degradation in stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Clin Exp Immunol 140:41-45, 2005

  18. Schroecksnadel K, Winkler C, Fuith LC, Fuchs D.Tryptophan degradation in patients with gynecological cancer correlates with immune activation. Cancer Lett 223: 323-329, 2005

  19. Schroecksnadel K, Frick B, Winkler C, Wirleitner B, Schennach H, Fuchs D. Aspirin down-regulates homocysteine formation in stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Scand J Immunol 62:155-160, 2005

  20. Schroecksnadel K, Winkler C, Wirleitner B, Schennach H, Weiss G, Fuchs D. Anti-inflammatory compound resveratrol suppresses homocysteine formation in stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Clin Chem Lab Med 43: 1084-1088, 2005

  21. Schroecksnadel K, Frick B, Winkler C, Wirleitner B, Weiss G, Fuchs D. Atorvastatin suppresses homocysteine formation in stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Clin Chem Lab Med 43: 1373-1376, 2005

  22. Winkler C, Wirleitner B, Schroecksnadel K, Schennach H, Fuchs D. Extracts of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seeds suppress stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Am J Immunol 1:6-11, 2005

  23. Winkler C, Wirleitner B, Schroecksnadel K, Schennach H, Fuchs D. In vitro effects of beet root juice on stimulated and unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Am J Biochem Biotechnol 1:181-186, 2005

  24. Wirleitner B, Wirleitner B, Winkler C, Fuchs D. Neopterin in HIV infection. Mol Immunol 42:183-94, 2005

  25. Wirleitner B, Schroecksnadel K, Winkler C, Schennach H, Fuchs D. Resveratrol suppresses interferon-gamma-induced biochemical pathways in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Immunol Lett 100:159-163,2005

  26. Wirleitner B, Hoffmann G, Fuchs D. Neopterin and 7, 8-dihydroneopterin in Th1-type immune response. Modern Asp Immunol 15:36-40,2005

  27. Zheng B, Cao KY, Chan CPY, Choi JWY, Leung W, Leung M, Duan ZH, Gao Y, Wang M, Di B, Hollidt JM, Bergmann A, Lehmann M, Renneberg I, Tam JSL, Chan PKS, Cautherley GWH, Fuchs D, Renneberg R. Serum neopterin for early assessment of severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin Immunol 116:18-26,2005

Boasso A, Herbeuval JP, Hardy AW, Winkler C, Shearer GM. Regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxy

genase and tryptophanyl-tRNA-synthetase by CTLA-4-Fc in human CD4+ T cells. Blood 105:1574-1581, 2005


  1. Andersson LM, Hagberg L, Rosengren L, Fuchs D, Blennow K, Gisslen M. Normalisation of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers parallels improvement of neurological symptoms following HAART in HIV dementia - case report. BMC Infect Dis 6:141, 2006

  2. Brandacher G, Perathoner A, Ladurner R, Schneeberger, S, Obrist P, Winkler C, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Weiss HG, Goebel G, Margreiter R, Königsrainer A, Fuchs D, Amberger A. Prognostic value of indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase expression in colorectal cancer: impact on tumor-infiltrating T-cells. Clin Cancer Res 12:1144-1151, 2006

  3. Brandacher G, Winkler C, Aigner F, Schwelberger H, Schroecksnadel K, Margreiter R, Fuchs D, Weiss HG. Bariatric surgery cannot prevent tryptophan depletion due to chronic immune activation in morbidly obese patients. Obes Surg 16:541-548, 2006

  4. Brandacher G, Schroecksnadel K, Winkler C, Margreiter R, Fuchs D. Antitumoral activity of interferon- involved in impaired immune function in cancer patients. Curr Drug Metabol 7:599-612, 2006

  5. Brenner M, Munch J, Schindler M, Wildum S, Stolte N, Stahl-Hennig C, Fuchs D, Matz-Rensing K, Franz M, Heeney J, Ten Haaft P, Swigut T, Hrecka K, Skowronski J, Kirchhoff F. Importance of the N-distal ap-2 binding element in nef for simian immunodeficiency virus replication and pathogenicity in rhesus macaques. J Virol 80:4469-4481, 2006

  6. Chan CPY, Choi JWY, Cao KY, Wang M, Gao Y, Zhou DH, Di B, Xu HF, Leung M, Bergmann A, Lehmann M, Cautherley GWH, Fuchs D, Renneberg R, Zheng B. Serum Neopterin for early assessment of severity of dengue virus infection. J Infect 53:152-158, 2006

  7. Frick B, Gruber B, Schroecksnadel K, Leblhuber F, Fuchs D. Homocysteine but not neopterin declines in demented patients on B vitamins. J Neural Transm 113:1815-1819, 2006

  8. Fuchs D. The inflammation test. PharmaTechnology 82-94, 2006

  9. Gluhcheva Y, Schroecksnadel K, Wirleitner B, Ilieva I, Bichkidjieva E, Nikolov E, Zvetkova E, Konwalinka G, Fuchs D. The influence of interferon-gamma on the processes of proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic CD34+ progenitor cells in human erythropoiesis. Acta Morphologica Anthropologica 11:43-50, 2006

  10. Hammerer-Lercher A, Fuchs D, Mair J, Tews G, Shebl O, Puschendorf B, Sommer R. Possible placental exchange of neopterin as indicated by significant correlations in matched maternal neonatal blood samples at delivery. Clin Chim Acta 365:350-351, 2006

  11. Horak E, Murr C, Streif W, Schroecksnadel K., Schennach H, Fuchs D. Association between neopterin in cord blood, urinary neopterin in early childhood and the development of atopic dermatitis, asthma and hay fever. Ped Allergy Immunol 17:11-6, 2006

  12. Hryniewicz A, Boasso A, Edghill-Smith Y, Vaccari M, Fuchs D, Venzon D, Nacsa J, Betts MR, Tsai WP, Heraud JM, Beer B, Blanset D, Chougnet C, Lowy I, Shearer GM, Franchini G. CTLA-4 blockade decreases TGF-, indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase, and viral RNA expression in tissues of SIVmac251-infected macaques. Blood 108:3834-42, 2006

  13. Huber L, Winkler C, Schroecksnadel K, Geser W, Schubert C, Fuchs D. Serial analysis of tryptophan degradation and neopterin formation in an otherwise healthy individual before and during an infectious episode. Pteridines 17:25-30, 2006

  14. Rudzite V, Jurika E, Erglis A, Trusinkis K, Jegere S, Fuchs D. Intravascular ultrasound data and results of serum biochemical indices at the time of stenting and after six months in patients with coronary artery disease. Pteridines 17:95-99,2006

  15. Schobersberger W, Sumann G, Mittermayr M, Griesmacher A, Falkensammer G, Greie G, Schobersberger B, Hoffmann G, Fuchs D, Koller A. Muscle trauma and immune activation after a downhill marathon (Tyrolean Speed Marathon). Pteridines 17:121-128, 2006

  16. Schroecksnadel K, Gruber B, Frick B, Jenny M, Ledochowski M, Leblhuber F, Fuchs D. Long-term supplementation with B vitamins does not change plasma neopterin concentrations in demented patients. Pteridines 17;135-144, 2006

  17. Schroecksnadel K, Wirleitner B, Winkler C, Fuchs D. Monitoring tryptophan metabolism in chronic immune activation. Clin Chim Acta 364:82-90, 2006

  18. Schroecksnadel K, Winkler C, Fuchs D. Method for urinary neopterin measurements by HPLC. J Biochem Biophys Meth 66:99-100, 2006

  19. Schroecksnadel K, Winkler C, Duftner C, Wirleitner B, Schirmer M, Fuchs D. Tryptophan degradation increases with stage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheum 25:334-337, 2006

  20. Schroecksnadel K, Frick B, Winkler C, Fuchs D. Crucial role of interferon- and stimulated macrophages in cardiovascular disease. Curr Vascular Pharmacol 4:205-213, 2006

  21. Schroecksnadel K, Frick B, Winkler C, Fuith LC, Fuchs D. Relationship between homocysteine and neopterin concentrations in patients with gynecological cancer. Cancer Lett 240:198-202, 2006

  22. Schubert C, Noisternig B, Fuchs D, Koenig P, Chamson E, Mittnik S, Schüßler G, Geser W. Multi-faceted effects of positive incidents on stress system functioning in a patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Stress Health 22:215-227, 2006

  23. Ueberall F, Fuchs D, Vennos C. Das anti-inflammatorische Potential von Padma 28 – Übersicht experimenteller Daten zur antiatherogenen Wirkung und Diskussion des Vielstoffkonzepts. Forsch Komplementärmed 13 (suppl 1): 7-12, 2006

  24. Walder G, Fuchs D, Wick G, Sarcletti M, Falkensammer B, Huber K, Petrovec M, Dierich MP, Würzner R. Human granulocytic anaplasmosis in Austria: epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings in five consecutive patients from the Tyrol. J Med Microbiol 296 (Suppl 1): 297-301, 2006

  25. Winkler C, Wirleitner B, Schroecksnadel K, Schennach H, Fuchs D. Beer down-regulates activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Intern Immunopharmacol 6:390-395,2006

  26. Winkler C, Ueberall F, Fuchs D. In vitro testing for anti-inflammatory properties of compounds. Clin Chem 52:1201-1202, 2006

  27. Winkler C, Frick B, Schroecksnadel K, Schennach H, Fuchs D. Food preservatives sodium sulfite and sorbic acid suppress mitogen- stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Food Chem Toxicol 44:2003-2007, 2006

  28. Winkler C, Schroecksnadel K, Moheno P, Meerbergen E, Schennach H, Fuchs D. Calcium-pterin suppresses mitogen-induced tryptophan degradation and neopterin production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Immunobiology 211:779-784, 2006

  29. Yilmaz A, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Nillroth U, Stahle L, Svensson JO, Gisslen M. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNA, intrathecal immunoactivation, and drug concentrations after treatment with a combination of saquinavir, nelfinavir, and two nucleoside analogues: the M61022 study. BMC Infect Dis 6:63, 2006

  30. Zvetkova E, Gluhcheva Y, Fuchs D. Use of neopterin as a bone marrow hematopoietic and stromal cell growth factor in tissue-engineered devices. Adv Exp Med Biol 585:115-121, 2006


  1. Blasko I, Knaus G, Weiss E, Kemmler G, Winkler C, Falkensammer G, Griesmacher A, Würzner R, Marksteiner J, Fuchs D. Cognitive deterioration in Alzheimer’s disease is accompanied by increase of plasma neopterin. J Psych Res 41:694-701, 2007

  2. Boasso A, Herbeuval JP, Hardy AW, Anderson SA, Dolan MJ, Fuchs D, Shearer GM. HIV-1 inhibits CD4+ T cell proliferation by inducing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Blood 109:3351-3359, 2007

  3. Boasso A, Vaccari M, Hryniewicz A, Fuchs D, Nacsa J, Cecchinato V, Andersson J, Franchini G, Shearer GM, Chougnet C. Regulatory T-cell markers, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and virus levels in spleen and gut during progressive simian immunodeficiency virus infection. J Virol 81:11593-11603,2007

  4. Brandacher G, Cakar F, Winkler C, Schneeberger S, Obrist P, Bösmüller C, Werner-Felmayer G, Werner ER, Bonatti H, Margreiter R, Fuchs D. Non invasive monitoring of kidney allograft rejection through IDO metabolism evaluation. Kidney Int 71: 60-67, 2007

  5. Brandacher G, Margreiter R, Fuchs D. Implications of IFN--mediated tryptophan catabolism on solid organ transplantation. Current Drug Metabol 8:273-282, 2007

  6. Brandacher G, Hoeller E, Fuchs D, Weiss HG. Chronic immune activation underlies morbid obesity: is IDO a key player? Curr Drug Metabol 8:289-295, 2007

  7. Bratslavska A, Platacec D, Miklaševičsa E, Fuchs D, Martinsons A. Influence of neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin on the replication of Coxsackie type B5 and influenza A viruses. Med Microbiol Immunol 196:23-29, 2007

  8. Cavarretta IT, Untergasser G, Moser PL, Zaki MH, Steiner H, Rumpold H, Fuchs D, Hobisch A, Nemeth J, Culig Z. The antiapoptotic effect of IL-6 autocrine loop in a cellular model of advanced prostate cancer is mediated by Mcl-1. Oncogene 26:2822-2832, 2007

  9. Cuffy MC, Silverio AM, Qin L, Wang Y, Eid R, Brandacher G, Lakkis FG, Fuchs D, Pober JS, Tellides G. Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in vascular smooth muscle cells by interferon-gamma contributes to medial immunoprivilege. J Immunol 179:5246-5254, 2007

  10. Edén E, Price RW, Spudich S, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Gisslén M. Central nervous system immune activation is still present after more than four years of effective HAART. J Infect Dis 196;1779-1783, 2007

  11. Fuchs D. Clinical relevance of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Curr Drug Metabol 8:195, 2007

  12. Gluhcheva Y, Schroecksnadel K, Wirleitner B, Zvetkova E, Konwalinka G, Fuchs D. Quantitative comparative analysis of the influence of IFN- on the erythroid (BFU-E and CFU-E) and myeloid (CFU-GM) progenitors in vitro. Acta Morphologica Anthropologica 12:55-60, 2007

  13. Ip M, Rainer TH, Lee N, Chan C, Chau SSL, Leung W, Leung MF, Tam TK, Antonio GE, Lui G, Lau TK, Hui DSC, Fuchs D, Renneberg R, Chan PKS. Value of serum procalcitonin, neopterin, and C-reactive protein in differentiating bacterial from viral etiologies in patients presenting with lower respiratory tract infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 59:131-136, 2007

  14. Kerber M, Oberkanins C, Kriegshaeuser G, Kollerits B, Dossenbach-Glaninger A, Fuchs D, Ledochowski M. Hydrogen breath testing versus LCT genotyping for the diagnosis of lactose intolerance: a matter of age? Clin Chim Acta 383:91-96, 2007

  15. Murr C, Talasz H, Artner-Dworzak E, Schroecksnadel K, Fiegl M, Fuchs D, Denz HA. Inverse association between serum selenium concentrations and parameters of immune activation in patients with cardiac disorders. Clin Chem Lab Med 45:1224-1228, 2007

  16. Pree I, Bigenzahn S; Fuchs D, Koporc Z, Nierlich P, Winkler C, Brandacher G, Sykes M, Muehlbacher F, Langer F, Wekerle. CTLA4ig promotes the induction of hematopoietic chimerism and tolerance independently of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Transplantation 83:663-667, 2007

  17. Schroecksnadel K, Frick B, Fiegl M, Winkler C, Denz H, FuchsD. Hyperhomocysteinaemia and immune activation in patients with cancer. Clin Chem Lab Med 45:47-53, 2007

  18. Schroecksnadel K, Zangerle R, Bellmann-Weiler R, Garimorth K, Weiss G, Fuchs D. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase and other interferon--mediated pathways in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Curr Drug Metabol 8:225-236, 2007

  19. Schroecksnadel K, Weiss G, Stanger O, Teerlink T, Fuchs D. Increased asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentrations in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Scand J Immunol 65:525-529, 2007

  20. Schroecksnadel K, Fiegl M, Prassl K, Winkler C, Denz HA, Fuchs D. Diminished quality of life in patients with cancer correlates with tryptophan degradation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 133:477-485, 2007

  21. Schroecksnadel K, Fischer B, Schennach H, Weiss G, Fuchs D. Antioxidants down-regulate Th1-type immune response in vitro. Drug Metabol Lett 1:166-171, 2007

  22. Schubert C, Neises M, Fritzsche K, Burbaum C, Geser W, Ocaña-Peinado FM, Fuchs D, Hass R, Schmid-Ott G. Preliminary Evidence on the Direction of Effects between Day-to-Day Changes in Cellular Immune Activation, Fatigue and Mood in a Patient with prior Breast Cancer: A Time-Series Analysis Approach. Pteridines 18:139-147, 2007

  23. Weinlich G, Murr C, Richardsen L, Winkler C, Fuchs D. Decreased serum tryptophan concentration predicts poor prognosis in malignant melanoma patients. Dermatology 214:8-14, 2007

  24. Winkler C, Schroecksnadel K, Schennach H, Fuchs D. Vitamin C and E suppress mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 142:127-132, 2007


  1. Abdulle S, Hagberg L, Svennerholm B, Fuchs D, Gisslen M. Cerebrospinal fluid viral load and intrathecal immune activation in individuals infected with different HIV-1 genetic subtypes. PLoS ONE 2008 16;3(4):e1971.

  2. Baydar T, Girgin G, Fuchs D, Inanicic F, Sipahia H, Erolc O, Sahin G. Pteridine pathway in patients with degenerative diseases during short time treatment with low dose of meloxicam, as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Pteridines 19:107-113, 2008

  3. Bellmann-Weiler R, Schroecksnadel K, Holzer C, Larcher C, Fuchs D, Weiss G. IFN--mediated pathways in patients with fatigue and chronic EBV-infection. J Affect Dis 108:171-176, 2008

  4. Brandacher G, Margreiter R, Fuchs D. Clinical relevance of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase to alloimmunity and transplantation. Curr Op Organ Transplant 13:10-15, 2008

  5. Cano OD, Neurauter G, Fuchs D, Shearer GM, Boasso A. Differential effect of type I and type II interferons on neopterin production and amino acid metabolism in human astrocytes-derived cells. Neurosci Lett 438:22-25, 2008

  6. Carrico AW, Johnson MO, Remien RH, Riley ED, Hecht FM, Morin SF, Fuchs D. Stimulant use is associated with immune activation and depleted tryptophan among HIV-positive persons on anti-retroviral therapy. Brain Behav Immun 22:1257-1262, 2008

  7. Cecchinato V, Tryniszewska E, Ma ZM, Vaccari M, Boasso A, Tsai WP, Petrovas C, Fuchs D, Heraud JM, Venzon D, Shearer GM, Koup RA, Lowy I, Miller CJ, Franchini G. Immune activation driven by CTLA-4 blockade augments viral replication at mucosal sites in simian immunodeficiency virus infection. J Immunol 180:5439-5447, 2008

  8. Eisenmann A, Murr C, Fuchs D, Ledochowski M. Gliadin IgG antibodies and circulating immune complexes. Scand J Gastroenterol 26:1-4, 2008

  9. Gluhcheva Y, Zvetkova E, Konwalinka G, Fuchs D. IFN-gamma colony-stimulating activity and in vivo effects on neopterin synthesis and tryptophan degradation. Acta Morphologica Anthropologica 13:91-94, 2008

  10. Greilberger J, Koidl C, Greilberger M, Lamprecht M, Schroecksnadel K, Leblhuber F, Fuchs D, Oettl K. Malondialdehyde, carbonyl proteins and albumin-disulphide as useful oxidative markers in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Res 42:633-638, 2008

  11. Jenny M, Winkler C, Spetea M, Schennach H Schmidhammer H, Fuchs D. Non-peptidic -opioid receptor antagonists suppress mitogen-induced tryptophan degradation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Immunol Lett 118:82-87, 2008

  12. Kitchen M, Quigley MA, Mwinga AM, Fuchs D, Lisse IM, Porter JDH, McAdam KPWJ, Godfrey-Faussett P. HIV progression and predictors of mortality in a community-based cohort of Zambian adults. J Intern Assoc Physicians AIDS Care7:17-26, 2008

  13. Kositz C, Schroecksnadel K, Grander G, Schennach H, Kofler H, Fuchs D. Serum tryptophan concentration in patients predicts outcome of specific immunotherapy with pollen extracts. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 147:35-40, 2008

  14. Moheno P, Pfleiderer W, DiPasquale A, Rheingold A, Fuchs D. Cytokine and IDO metabolite changes effected by calcium pterin during inhibition of MDA-MB-231 xenograph tumors in nude mice. Int J Pharmaceut 355;239-248, 2008

  15. Moser B, Schroecksnadel K, Hörtnagl H, Rieder J, Fuchs D, Gottardis M. Influence of extreme long endurance sports activity on neopterin excretion. Pteridines 19;114-119, 2008

  16. Neher A, Schobersberger W, Augustijns P, Fuchs D, Wolf-Magele A, Hoffmann G. Influence of Neopterin on Ciliary Beat Frequency of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells in vitro. Pteridines 19:79-85, 2008

  17. Neurauter G, Schröcksnadel K, Scholl-Bürgi S, Sperner-Unterweger B, Schubert C, Ledochowski M, Fuchs D. Chronic immune stimulation correlates with reduced phenylalanine turn-over. Curr Drug Metabol 9:622-627, 2008

  18. Neurauter G, Grahmann AV, Klieber M, Zeimet A, Ledochowski M, Sperner-Unterweger B, Fuchs D. Serum phenylalanine concentrations in patients with ovarian carcinoma correlate with concentrations of immune activation markers and of isoprostane-8. Cancer Lett 272:141-147, 2008

  19. Paddison J, Hill A, Fuchs D, Booth RJ. Peritoneal inflammation and fatigue experiences following colorectal surgery: a pilot study. J Psychoneuroendocrinol 33:446-454, 2008

  20. Ploder M, Neurauter G, Spittler A, Schroecksnadel K, Roth E, Fuchs D. Serum phenylalanine in patients post trauma and with sepsis correlate to neopterin concentrations. Amino Acids 35:303-307, 2008

  21. Scrandis DA, Langenberg P, Tonelli LH, Sheikh TM, Manogura AC, Alberico LA, Hermanstyne T, Fuchs D, Mighty H, Hasday JD, Boteva K, Postolache TT. Prepartum depressive symptoms correlate positively with C-reactive protein levels and negatively with tryptophan levels: a preliminary report. Int J Child Health Hum Dev 1:167-174, 2008

  22. Schroecksnadel K, Walter RB, Weiss G, Mark M, Reinhard WH, Fuchs D. Association between plasma thiols and immune activation marker neopterin in stable coronary heart disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 46: 648-654, 2008

  23. Schroecksnadel K, Sarcletti M, Winkler C, Mumelter B, Wiee G, Fuchs D, Zangerle R. Quality of life and immune activation in patients with HIV infection. Brain Behav Immun 22:881-889, 2008

  24. Vaccari M, Boasso A, Ma ZM, Cecchinato V, Venzon D, Doster MN, Tsai WP, Shearer GM, Fuchs D, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN, Miller CJ, Franchini G. CD4(+) T-cell loss and delayed expression of modulators of immune responses at mucosal sites of vaccinated macaques following SIV(mac251) infection. Mucosal Immunol 1:497-507, 2008

  25. Volgger B, Aspisirengil C, Genser-Krimbacher E, Ciresa-Koenig A, Daxenbichler G, Fuchs D, Marth C, Windbichler G. Prognostic Significance of TPA versus SCC-Ag, CEA and Neopterin in Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix. Cancer Lett 262:183-189, 2008

  26. Winkler C, Schroecksnadel K, Schennach H, Houcher B, Fuchs D. In vitro effects of Nigella sativa seeds extracts on stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Pteridines 19:101-106, 2008

  27. Yilmaz A, PriceRW, Spudich S, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Gisslén M. Persistent intrathecal immune activation in HIV-1-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy. J Aquir Immune Defic Syndr 47:168-173, 2008


  1. Barrientos G, Fuchs D, Schröcksnadel K, Ruecke M, Garcia MG, Klapp BF, Raghupathy R, Miranda S, Arck PC, Blois SM. Low levels of serum asymmetric antibodies as a marker of threatened pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 79:201-210, 2009

  2. Boasso A, Vaccari M, Fuchs D, Hardy AW, Tsai WP, Tryniszewska E, Shearer GM, Franchini G. Combined effect of antiretroviral therapy and blockade of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. I Immunol 182:4313-4320, 2009

  3. Capuron L, Moranis A, Combe N, Cousson-Gélie F, Fuchs D, De Smedt-Peyrusse V, Barberger-Gateau P, Layé S. Vitamin E status and quality of life in the elderly: influence of inflammatory processes. Br J Nutr 102:1390-4, 2009

  4. Dohnal AM, Luger R, Paul P, Fuchs D, Felzmann T. CD40 ligation restores type 1 polarizing capacity in TLR4 activated dendritic cells that have ceased interleukin-12 expression. J Cell Mol Med 13:1741-1750, 2009

  5. Engin AB, Ozkan Y, Fuchs D, Yardim-Akaydin S. Increased tryptophan degradation in patients with bronchus carcinoma. Eur J Cancer Care 2009 (DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2009.01122.x)

  6. Fuchs D, Avanzas P, Arroyo-Espliguero R, Jenny M, Consuegra Sanchez L, Kaski JC. The role of neopterin in atherogenesis and cardiovascular risk stratification. Curr Med Chem 16:4644-4653, 2009

  7. Girgin G, Baydar T, Ledochowski M, Schennach H, Bolukbasi DN, Sorkun K, Salih B, Sahin G, Fuchs D. Immunomodulatory effects of Turkish propolis: changes in neopterin release and tryptophan degradation. Immunobiology 214:129-134, 2009

  8. Girgin G, Tolga Sahin T, Fuchs D, Kasuya H, Yuksel O, Tekin E, Baydar T. Immune system modulation in patients with malignant and benign breast disorders: tryptophan degradation and serum neopterin. Int J Biol Markers 24:265-270, 2009

  9. Grammer TB, Fuchs D, Böhm BO, Winkelmann BR, Maerz W. Neopterin as a predictor of total and cardiovascular mortality in individuals undergoing angiography (The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study). Clin Chem 55:115-146, 2009

  10. Greksova K, Parrak V, Chovancova D, Stencl P, Oravec J, Marsik L, Sysak R, Fuchs D, Peskova Z, Borovsky M. Procalcitonin, neopterin and C-reactive protein in diagnostics of intrauterine infection and preterm delivery. Bratisl Lek Listy 110:623-626, 2009

  11. Hautz T, Brandacher G, Zelger B, Müller HG, Lee AW, Fuchs D, Margreiter R, Schneeberger S. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and foxp3 expression in skin rejection of human hand allografts. Transplant Proc 41:509-512, 2009

  12. Jenny M, Santer E, Pirich E, Schennach H, Fuchs D. 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol modulate mitogen-induced tryptophan degradation and neopterin formation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. J Neuroimmunol 207:75-82, 2009

  13. Jenny M, Santer E, Klein A, Ledochowski M, Schennach H, Ueberall F, Fuchs D. Cacao extracts suppress tryptophan degradation of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Ethnopharmacol 207:75-82, 2009

  14. Jenny M, Schroecksnadel S, Kurz K, Ledochowski M, Sperner B, Fuchs D. Immune activation influences biosynthetic pathways of neurotranmitters from precursor aromatic amino acids. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res 16 (Suppl 1): 20-21, 2009

  15. Jürgens B, Hainz U, Fuchs D, Felzmann T, Heitger A. Interferon-gamma triggered indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase competence in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells induces regulatory activity in allogeneic T cells. Blood 114:3235-3243, 2009

  16. Kurz K, Teerlink T, Sarcletti M, Weiss G, Zangerle R, Fuchs D. Plasma concentrations of the cardiovascular risk factor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) are increased in patients with HIV-1 infection and correlate with immune activation markers. Pharmacol Res 60:508-514, 2009

  17. Malinovska K, Neuwirt H, Cavarretta I, Bektic J, Steiner H, Dietrich H, Moser P, Fuchs D, Nemeth J, Hobisch A, Culig Z. Interleukin-6 stimulation of growth of prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo through activation of the androgen receptor. Endocrine Related Cancer 16:155-169, 2009

  18. Mayersbach P, Fuchs D, Schennach H. Performance of fully automated quantitative neopterin measurements in a routine voluntary blood donations setting. Clin Chem Lab Med 48:373-377, 2009

  19. Moheno P, Pfleiderer W, Fuchs D. Plasma cytokine concentration changes induced by the antitumor agents dipterinyl calcium pentahydrate (DCP) and related calcium pterins. Immunobiology 214:135-141, 2009

  20. Murr C, Schroecksnadel K, Winklhofer-Roob BM, Mangge H, Böhm BO, Winkelmann BR, Maerz W, Fuchs D. Inverse association between serum concentrations of neopterin and antioxidants in patients with and without angiographic coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 202:543-549, 2009

  21. Murr C, Meinitzer A, Grammer T, Schroecksnadel K, Böhm BO, März W, Fuchs D. Association between asymmetric dimethylarginine and neopterin in patients with and without angiographic coronary artery disease. Scand J Immunol 70:63-67, 2009

  22. Pedersen AW, Holmstrom K, Jensen SS, Fuchs D, Rasmussen P, Kvistborg P, Claesson MH, Zocca MB. Phenotypic and functional markers for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-modified regulatory dendritic cells. Clin Exp Immunol 157:48-59, 2009

  23. Petukh MG, Semenkova GN, Fuchs D, Cherenkevich SN. Pteridine-dependent oxygen activation in neutrophils. Tsitologiia (Russ) 51:824-829, 2009

  24. Petukh MG, Semenkova GN, Fuchs D, Cherenkevich SN. Pteridine-dependent oxygen activation in neutrophils. Cell Tissue Biology 3: 538-543, 2009

  25. Ploder M, Spittler A, Schroecksnadel K, Neurauter G, Pelinka LM, Roth E, Fuchs D. Tryptophan degradation in multiple trauma patients: survivors versus non-survivors. Clin Sci 116:593-598, 2009

  26. Ploder M, Spittler A, Schroecksnadel K, Neurauter G, Pelinka LM, Roth E, Fuchs D. Accelerated tryptophan degradation in trauma and sepsis patients is related to pro-inflammatory response and to the diminished in vitro response of monocytes. Pteridines 19;54-61, 2009

  27. Rainer TH, Chan CP, Leung MF, Leung W, Ip M, Lee N, Cautherley GW, Graham CA, Fuchs D, Renneberg R. Diagnostic utility of CRP to neopterin ratio in patients with acute respiratory tract infections. J Infect 58:123-30, 2009

  28. Schroecksnadel K, Winkler C, Werner ER, Sarcletti M, Romani N, Ebner S, Schennach H, Fuchs D, Zangerle R. Interferon--mediated pathways and in vitro PBMC proliferation in HIV-infected patients. Biol Chem 390:115-123, 2009

  29. Schroecksnadel K, Winkler C, Sarcletti M, Romani N, Banki Z, Ebner S, Fuchs D, Zangerle R. Parameters of cellular immune activation in vivo correlate with the proliferative capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro in HIV-infected patients. J Aquir Immune Defic Syndr 50:354-359,2009

  30. Schubert C, Neises M, Fritzsche K, Burbaum C, Geser W, Ocaña-Peinadoe FM, Fuchs D, Hass R, Schmid-Ott G. Evidence on the direction of effects between day-to-day changes in cellular immune activation, fatigue and mood in a patient with prior breast cancer: A time-series analysis approach. Psychopathology 42:67-68, 2009

  31. Schubert C, Lampe A, Geser W, Jenny M, Fuchs D. Temporal association between daily alcohol consumption, emotional states and urinary neopterin levels in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Pteridines 19:62-72, 2009


  1. Bechter K, Reiber H, Herzog S, Fuchs D, Tumani H, Maxeiner HG. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in affective and schizophrenic spectrum disorders. Identification of subgroups with immune responses and blood-CSF barrier dysfunction. J Psych Res 44:321-330, 2010

  2. Schroecksnadel K, Grammer TB, Boehm BO, März, Fuchs D. Total homocysteine in patients with angiographic coronary artery disease correlates with inflammation markers. Thromb Haemostas Mar 9;103(5), 2010

  3. Sucher R, Schroecksnadel K, Weiss G, Margreiter R, Fuchs D, Brandacher G. Neopterin, a prognostic marker in human malignancies. Cancer Lett 287:13-22, 2010

  4. Ueberall F, Fuchs D, Mueller W. Parodontitis und Krebs: Dysbalance der matabolischen Stoffwechselsensorik? JATROS Hämatol Onkol 1:76-78, 2010

  5. Zangerle R, Kurz K, Neurauter G, Kitchen M, Sarcletti M, Fuchs D. Increased blood phenylalanine to tyrosine ratio in HIV-1 infection and correction following effective antiretroviral therapy. Brain Behav Immun 24:403-408, 2010



in press:


Chavele KM, Shukla D, Keteepe-Arachi T, Fuchs D, Pusey CD; Salama AD: Regulation of MPO-specific T cell responses during disease remission in ANCA-associated vasculitis: The role of Tregs, and tryptophan degradation: Arthritis Rheum


Freißmuth D, Hiltgartner A, Stahl-Hennig C, Fuchs D, Tenner-Racz K, Racz P, Uberla K, Strasak A, Dierich MP, Stoiber H, Falkensammer B. Analysis of humoral immune responses in rhesus macaques vaccinated with attenuated SIVmac239nef and challenged with pathogenic SIVmac251. J Med Primatol



Jenny M, Pedersen NR, Hidayat BJ, Fuchs D. Bovine colostrum modulates immune activation cascades in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. New Microbiol


Juergens B, Raberger J, Fuchs D, Heitger A. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Int J Tryptophan Res


Kurz K, Gluhcheva Y, Zvetkova E, Konwalinka G, Fuchs D. Interferon--mediated pathways are induced in human CD34+ haematopoietic stem cells. Immunobiology


Melichar V, Soelder E, Schroecksnadel K, Murr C, Arck P, Wildt L, Fuchs D. Urine neopterin concentrations as a marker for successful blastocyst implantation after assisted reproductive technologies. RBMonline


Moheno P, Morrey J, Fuchs D. Effect of dipterinyl calcium pentahydrate on hepatitis B virus replication in transgenic mice. J Translat Med


Ploder M, Spittler A, Schroecksnadel K, Neurauter G, Pelikan LE, Roth E, Fuchs D. Accelerated tryptophan degradation predicts poor survival in trauma and sepsis patients. Int J Tryptophan Res


Sucher R, Kurz K, Weiss G, Margreiter R, Fuchs D, Brandacher G. IDO-mediated tryptophan degradation in the pathogenesis of malignant tumor disease. Int J Tryptophan Res